Food is the basic need for living and conducting daily activities, meanwhile food security is mandatory for productive and healthy life. The understanding of food security dimensions is important as a starting point on the respective study. The objectives of this paper are to analyze : (1) The concept, (2) The measurement and indicators; and (3) The approach or strategy to achieve food security. Analysis was done by reviewing several research reports and related papers. The study shows that : (1) Concept and definition of food security is changing due to intertemporal complexity of the problem; (2) Food security broad in nature, therefore relevance and various indicators is needed on its measurement; and (3) To achieve food security, food availability as well as entitlement approach need to be considered, sustainable food security, a new paradigm need to be formulated. Key words food security concept, indicators and measurement, development strategy ABSTRAKPangan merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia untuk dapat hidup dan melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari, sedang ketahanan pangan adalah jaminan bagi manusia untuk hidup sehat dan bekerja secara produktif. Pemahaman berbagai aspek ketahanan pangan merupakan pengetahuan penting dalam mengawali jenis studi ini. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji: (1) Konsep; (2) Pengukuran dan indikator; dan (3) Pendekatan atau strategi untuk mencapai ketahanan pangan. Kajian dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dari berbagai hasil penelitian dan tulisan yang terkait dengan aspek kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Konsep serta pengertian tentang ketahanan pangan berkembang sesuai dengan kompleksitas permasalahan dari waktu ke waktu; (2) Dimensi ketahanan pangan sangat luas sehingga diperlukan banyak indikator untuk mengukurnya; dan (3) Untuk mencapai ketahanan pangan, pendekatan ketersediaan pangan dan kepemilikan perlu dipertimbangkan dan untuk ketahanan pangan berkelanjutan diperlukan suatu paradigma baru. Kata kunci konsep ketahanan pangan, pengukuran dan indikator, strategi pembangunan

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<p>Consumption of animal food sources at the right amount is needed to help overcome nutrition problems, including stunting. Related to provision of animal food sources, Ministry of Agriculture has expanded the target of self sufficiency from beef only to animal protein from livestock. Related to this event, it is needed accurate information on consumption pattern of this food group. Objective of this writing is to present results of analyses on animal food consumption at household level identified by region and income class. Source of data used was Susenas 2014 from Statistic Indonesia with national coverage. Results of the analyses showed that participation rate and animal food consumption per capita were high at urban and highest income class households. At aggregate level, consumption per capita of livestock and fishery products by urban household were higher than that in rural areas. Type of animal food frequently consumed were broiler eggs, broiler chicken, and mackerel/tuna/skipjack. On the average, per capita beef consumption and consumption participation rate were low. Recommendation of this study is that efforts to achieve animal protein self sufficiency are done through intensification program on production and product development of livestock and fishery based products, development of infrastructure and marketing institution to expedite animal products’ distribution, maintain affordable and stable prices of animal protein sources, and intensive promotion of the importance of animal protein consumption in the context of diverse, nutritious balanced, and safe food pattern.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Konsumsi pangan sumber protein hewani dalam jumlah cukup diperlukan untuk membantu mengatasi berbagai permasalahan gizi, termasuk stunting. Terkait penyediaan pangan sumber protein hewani, Kementerian Pertanian memperluas sasaran swasembada dari hanya daging sapi menjadi protein hewani asal ternak. Sehubungan dengan itu, diperlukan informasi yang akurat terkait pola konsumsi kelompok pangan ini. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menyajikan hasil analisis berbagai pola konsumsi pangan hewani di tingkat rumah tangga yang dikaji berdasarkan kelas pendapatan dan wilayah tempat tinggal. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah hasil Susenas tahun 2014 dari BPS dengan cakupan nasional. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat partisipasi dan besaran konsumsi pangan hewani tinggi pada rumah tangga di perkotaan dan pada rumah tangga berpendapatan tinggi. Secara aggregat, konsumsi produk peternakan dan perikanan di perkotaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan di pedesaan. Jenis pangan hewani yang banyak dikonsumsi adalah telur ayam ras, daging ayam ras dan ikan tongkol/tuna/cakalang. Rata-rata konsumsi daging sapi/kapita sangat rendah dan angka partisipasi konsumsi juga rendah. Disarankan upaya pencapaian swasembada protein hewani dilakukan melalui intensifikasi peningkatan produksi dan pengembangan produk pangan asal ternak dan ikan, pengembangan prasarana dan kelembagaan pemasaran untuk memperlancar distribusi, menjaga harga wajar serta stabil, dan promosi yang intensif atas pentingnya makan sumber pangan protein hewani dalam konteks pola makan beragam bergizi seimbang dan aman.</p>

Food consumption diversification (FCD) is possible to develop in Indonesia, a country consisting of thousands of islands with various social and economic circumstances, and diversified soil fertility and regional potentials. This paper aims to describe direction, constraints and importance of FCD. The FCD policy was designed to decrease rice consumption and began since early 1960's, but the reality shows that rice as staple food in all provinces tends to intensify. People tend to dislike local food, such as corn and tubers, and they tend to enjoy global food, such as noodle. Some factors constraining FCD are: (1) rice is more tasteful and easier to cook, (2) concept of eating in which people have to eat rice in their menus, (3) rice as superior commodity is available abundantly and its price is cheap, (4) low community's income, (5) low technology processing and less promotion of non rice food, (6) overlapped food policies, and (7) wheat import policy and intensive noodle products promotion. It is important to have a successful program on FCD because it will not improve human resource only, but it will also have positive impact on food security, farmers' income, food agro industry, and saving foreign exchange. Key words : diversification, food consumption, constraints, Indonesia ABSTRAKIndonesia yang terdiri dari ribuan pulau dengan keragaman sosial, ekonomi, kesuburan tanah dan potensi daerah, memungkinkan untuk tercipta diversifikasi konsumsi pangan (DKP). Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis arah, kendala dan pentingnya DKP. Kebijakan DKP bertujuan untuk menurunkan konsumsi beras sudah dirintis sejak awal tahun 60-an, namun kenyataan menunjukkan posisi beras sebagai pangan pokok di semua provinsi semakin kuat. Pangan lokal seperti jagung dan umbi-umbian ditinggalkan masyarakat, sebaliknya pangan global seperti mi semakin banyak digemari. Beberapa faktor yang menjadi penghambat DKP adalah karena rasa beras lebih enak dan mudah diolah, konsep makan, merasa belum makan kalau belum makan nasi, beras sebagai komoditas superior ketersediaannya melimpah dengan harga yang murah, pendapatan masyarakat masih rendah, teknologi pengolahan dan promosi pangan non beras masih rendah, kebijakan pangan yang tumpang tindih, serta kebijakan impor gandum dan promosi produk mi yang gencar. Keberhasilan kebijakan DKP penting tidak hanya untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumberdaya manusia, tetapi juga berdampak positif pada ketahanan pangan, pendapatan petani dan agroindustri pangan serta menghemat devisa. Kata kunci : diversifikasi, konsumsi pangan, kendala, Indonesia PENDAHULUANPangan adalah komoditas strategis karena merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia. Pangan tidak saja berarti strategis secara ekonomi, tetapi juga sangat berarti dari segi pertahanan dan keamanan, sosial, dan politis (Hasan, 1998). Berbagai contoh peristiwa pada masa akhir orde lama sampai dengan awal orde baru dan pengalaman bekas negara Uni Sovyet menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan dan ketenteraman suatu negara sangat ditentukan oleh ketersediaan pangan. Oleh k...

Abstrak. Penderita penyakit Diabetes Melitus seringkali mambatasi konsumsi nasi karena beras dianggap sebagai pangan hiperglikemik, padahal dari beberapa penelitian diketahui bahwa beras mempunyai kisaran indeks glikemik yang cukup luas. Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan mengenai efek asupan karbohidrat terhadap kadar gula darah dan respon insulin berguna dalam penyusunan menu diet bagi penderita diabetes. Sebagai makanan sumber karbohidrat, konsumsi beras yang memiliki indeks glikemik (IG) rendah akan membantu mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah. Tujuan dari penulisan review ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi IG beras serta keterkaitannya terhadap kesehatan tubuh. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi IG beras dianataranya adalah jenis/ varietas beras, proses pengolahan, dan perbandingan amilosa dan amilopektin. Kandungan amilosa yang tinggi terbukti memiliki kecenderungan memberikan nilai respon glikemik (IG) yang rendah. Proses pengolahan berupa pemanasan dan pratanak serta penambahan senyawa bioaktif (polifenol) diketahui mampu menurunkan IG beras. Dari segi varietas, beberapa varietas unggul padi yang mempunyai indeks glikemik rendah hingga sedang telah berhasil dirakit Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Sukamandi. Beras-beras tersebut mempunyai karakteristik tekstur nasi yang pulen hingga pera sesuai dengan preferensi konsumen. Oleh karena itu, penderita diabetes tidak perlu khawatir mengonsumsi nasi, sepanjang tidak melebihi kebutuhan energi tiap individu. Abstract. Patients with Diabetes Mellitus often restrict the consumption of rice because rice has been blamed as hyperglycemic food, whereas from several studies, it is known that rice has a board range of glycemic index. Therefore, knowledge about the effects of carbohydrate intake on blood sugar levels and insulin response is useful in the preparation of the diet for diabetics. Consumption of rice as a source of carbohydrate which has a low glycemic index (GI) will help control blood glucose levels. Low GI food will produce slow blood glucose response when is consumed. The purpose of this review was to provide basic information about factors that affect rice GI and their corellation in health. Factors that affect rice GI are species/varieties of rice, processing, and ratio of amylose and amylopectin. High amylose content has been proved to have a tendency to give low glycemic response (GI). In addition, the processing such as heating, parboiled and an addition

Arabica coffee plantation area is limited, and production is still low while demand increases. The development of Arabica coffee in Indonesia faces many obstacles that threaten its sustainability. The objective of this study is to determine the sustainability status of the Arabica coffee business in West Java and formulate a sustainability strategy. Primary data were obtained through interviews with respondents and key persons from relevant stakeholders from upstream to downstream using a structured questionnaire. The study was conducted in August‒October 2021 in Garut District, West Java. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) was used to assess the sustainability status of the Arabica coffee business in five dimensions, i.e., ecological, economic, social, marketing, and institutional. The results show that the Arabica coffee business in West Java is fairly sustainable, with an average score of 55.65%. The MDS analysis for each dimension reveals that the social dimension has the highest score (62.45%), followed by the ecological dimension (59.01%), the economic dimension (53.00%), the institutional dimension (51.92%), and the marketing dimension (51.87%). This study emphasizes five actions as parts of the sustainability strategy, i.e., adaptation and mitigation of climate change, creative efforts to increase farmers’ income, human resource capacity building, strengthening business partnerships, and strengthening farmer organizations.

<p>As a major staple food for most of the Indonesian population, rice has an important position in term of social, economic, and political aspects in the country. Because of that position, it is important to identify rice consumption pattern of Indonesian people. This research aims at analyzing the trends of rice consumption at home and rice-based eaten away from home in terms of weight and expenditure. By using mathematical and simple statistical methods, data of household rice consumption from National Socio-economic Survey (Susenas) years 1996 to 2017 (seven data sets) were analyzed by location and income quintiles. Results of these analyses indicated that during 1996 to 2017 the real expenditure of food away from home tended to increase, the real expenditure and per capita of rice consumption for all household categories tended to decrease, and the expenditure for processed rice had different path compared to the expenditure for rice consumption. The implication of this study is the estimation of national demand for rice should consider the amount of rice eaten away from home consumption and also processed rice.  </p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Sebagai makanan pokok hampir seluruh penduduk, beras menempati posisi penting dari sisi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik di Indonesia. Berdasar hal tersebut, penting untuk mengidentifikasi pola konsumsi beras penduduk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis laju konsumsi beras yang dimakan di rumah maupun di luar rumah berupa makanan jadi berbasis beras baik dari sisi pengeluaran maupun jumlahnya. Dengan menggunakan metode matematika dan statistika sederhana, penelitian ini mengolah data Susenas tahun 1996 – 2017 (tujuh set data) dengan membedakan konsumsi rumah tangga menurut lokasi (desa-kota) dan kuintil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama 1996 – 2017 pengeluaran riil untuk makanan jadi cenderung meningkat, pengeluaran riil dan konsumsi beras per kapita cenderung menurun untuk semua kategori rumah tangga, dan pengeluaran untuk pangan olahan berbasis beras memiliki pola yang berbeda dengan pengeluaran untuk konsumsi beras. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa dalam mengestimasi kebutuhan beras nasional perlu mempertimbangkan  jumlah konsumsi beras yang dimakan di luar rumah dan pangan olahan berbasis beras.</p>

Indonesia, in fulfilling the consumption of its people, is facing big problem causing by large numbers of the people. This paper has objective to analyze the development of people's food consumption after economic crisis. Data used is SUSENAS year 1999SUSENAS year , 2002SUSENAS year , 2003SUSENAS year , 2004SUSENAS year , and 2005. The analysis was done in qualitative descriptive using tables. The result shows that economical recovery done by government has positive impact in increasing people's food consumption in both quality and quantity. The food consumption is dominated by crops. Animalbased-foods and vegetables/fruits only reach 50 percent of the consumption expected. Every region has rice and wheat flour in staple food pattern. Only low-income-people have corn and cassava or sweet potato in their staple food pattern. Government policy should not only focus on macro policy which oriented on economic growth and food security in national level, but also should notice aspect of increasing general income of the people. The effort for increasing people's consciousness has to be done also in order to have diversified, nutritious, balanced, and secure as well as "halal" food consumption.