Shallot is a national strategic commodity in Indonesia, but it is development has a fundamental technical, socioeconomic, and policy support problems. Therefore, it is essential to know the competitiveness of shallot in Indonesia and the incentive policy to implement the comparative advantage to become a sustainable competitive advantage. The purposes of this study are to (1) analyze the profitability of shallot farming privately and socially, (2) analyze the competitiveness of shallot farming from a competitive and comparative advantage perspective, (3) review the impact of government policy on shallot farming, and (4) formulate incentive policies in the development of shallot commodities. The empirical results of the Policy Analysis Matrix revealed that shallot farming in production centers in Indonesia has both competitive and comparative advantages. The highest competitive and comparative advantages were found in the dry season in the upland of Malang district with the coefficient values of PCR (Private Cost Ratio) of 0.268–0.508 and DRCR (Domestic Resource Cost Ratio) of 0.208–0.323. The lowest competitive advantage was found in the lowland of East Lombok district in the dry season with a coefficient value of PCR 0.728–0.844. The lowest comparative advantage in the dry season was found in East Lombok district with a DRCR of 0.448, while in the rainy season, it was found in Wonosobo district with a DRCR of 0.522. These results mean that it is more profitable for Indonesia to increase domestic shallot production than to import. Improving shallot competitiveness can be carried out by implementing advanced technology, agricultural infrastructure, capacity building of farmers’ resources, and government incentive policies to increase productivity and competitiveness sustainability.
Indonesian chili faces some problems in increasing production, added value, and competitiveness of chili products, mainly in terms of quantity, quality, and continuity. The objectives of this study are (1) to analyze the private and social profitability of chili farming, (2) to analyze the chili competitiveness from both competitive and comparative advantage perspectives, (3) to examine government policy impact on chili performance, and (4) to formulate strategies to encourage chili development in Indonesia. The results of the policy analysis matrix revealed that chili farming in Indonesia’s production centers is profitable, both privately and socially. It also has competitiveness, both competitive and comparative advantages. The highest competitiveness occurs in Bandung district, West Java, with a coefficient of private cost ratio (PCR) of 0.416 and a domestic resource cost ratio (DRCR) of 0.269. Meanwhile, the lowest competitiveness occurs in Tabalong district, South Kalimantan, with a PCR coefficient of 0.857 and a DRCR of 0.556. This study also concluded that for Indonesia, it is more profitable to increase domestic chili production than importing from abroad. Strategic policies for chili development can be implemented by using hybrid seeds, complete and balanced fertilization, improving irrigation infrastructure and farming roads, increasing the capacity of farmers’ resources, and expanding the objectives and market segments.
Meat Self-Sufficiency Program (PSDS) since 2000 has been launched three times. This paper aims to assess implementation, achievement, constraints and problems of National PSDS as well as the solution proposed. The study shows that meat self-sufficiency achievement is dynamic and in general there are some improvement on concept, policy instrument, and program management of PSDS 2014. Nevertheless, many constraints are found from upstream to downstream including bad management of cows' distribution and import. All of these constraints lead to unrealized target of meat self-sufficiency in 2014. Cows and their derivative products import are still required to sustain cows' population growth in Indonesia and to stabilize domestic meat price. In order to accelerate the achievement of the target, besides production aspect improvement, distribution system of cows and meat including its infrastructure also needs perfection. Another important issue is data accuracy on domestic supply and demand such that the government can estimate accurate required volume of meat import. Administration, bureaucracy and transparency enhancement on meat import implementation are urgent to avoid disorder of cows, meat and its derivative products import. Support from related institutions is needed for the achievement of national meat self-sufficiency. Keywords: self-sufficiency, beef, import control, distribution system ABSTRAKProgram Swasembada Daging Sapi telah dicanangkan sejak tahun 2000 dan hingga kini program tersebut telah tiga kali dicanangkan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pelaksanaan dan pencapaian Program Swasembada Daging Sapi Nasional beserta kendala dan permasalahan yang dihadapinya, dan alternatif strategi pemecahannya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa upaya pencapaian swasembada mengalami dinamika dari waktu ke waktu dan secara umum telah terjadi perbaikan baik dari sisi konsep, instrumen kebijakan, maupun tata kelola program/manajemen pada PSDS 2014. Walaupun demikian, berbagai kendala dan permasalahan yang dihadapi, mulai dari hulu hingga hilir, termasuk dalam sistem distribusi dan impor sapi dan daging sapi yang masih belum tertata dengan baik, menyebabkan swasembada daging sapi masih belum dapat diwujudkan sesuai target, yaitu paling lambat pada tahun 2014. Dengan demikian, impor sapi dan produknya masih dibutuhkan untuk menjaga agar terjadi pertumbuhan populasi sapi potong di Indonesia di samping menjaga agar harga daging sapi tetap terjangkau oleh masyarakat. Dalam upaya mempercepat pencapaian target, selain perbaikan dari sisi produksi, upaya pembenahan sistem distribusi sapi maupun daging sapi beserta infrastruktur pendukungnya mutlak untuk dilakukan. Hal lain yang penting untuk diperhatikan adalah keakuratan data, baik ketersediaan pasokan domestik maupun permintaan domestik, sehingga akan diperoleh data keperluan impor yang juga akurat. Pembenahan dalam administrasi dan birokrasi serta transparansi dalam pelaksanaan impor sangat diperlukan untuk menghindari kekisruhan impor sapi hidup maupun daging sapi ...
<p>Decree of Minister of Agriculture (Kepmentan) No. 03/2015 deals with the development of cassava clusters in 20 regencies in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze production shares and dynamics, constraints, and opportunities to improve production, and efforts to improve cassava production in cassava clusters of West Java and South Sulawesi. The study was done in Bandung, Sumedang (West Java), and Maros (South Sulawesi) Regencies, using both secondary and primary data, during April–October 2015. Analysis of production increase opportunities was done using a linear regression, whilst that of cassava productivity increase problems in those regencies of cassava clusters was carried out using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). Data of the study consist of both primary and secondary. The number of respondents was 10 persons at the district level, while at the village level was 15 persons. Results of the study showed that regencies established as cassava clusters generally had relatively high production share of total cassava production at the provincial level. Furthermore, not all district-producing centers have opportunities to increase cassava productivity because it is already close to its potential. However, efforts to increase production in cassava clusters should be conducted by increasing productivity due to land competition with other commodities. In developing the cassava cluster, preparation of an Action Plan at the regency-level is an important step to take.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Kepmentan No. 03/2015 menetapkan pengembangan kawasan ubi kayu di 20 kabupaten di Indonesia. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis pangsa dan dinamika produksi, kendala dan peluang peningkatan produksi, serta upaya peningkatan produksi ubi kayu pada kawasan ubi kayu Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Bandung, Sumedang (Jawa Barat), dan Maros (Sulawesi Selatan) pada bulan April–Oktober 2015. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer dan sekunder. Jumlah responden di tingkat kecamatan sebanyak 10 responden, sedangkan di tingkat desa sebanyak 15 responden. Analisis peluang peningkatan produksi dilakukan dengan regresi linier, sedangkan analisis masalah teknis peningkatan produktivitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kabupaten yang ditetapkan sebagai kawasan ubi kayu umumnya memiliki pangsa produksi relatif besar terhadap total produksi ubi kayu di tingkat provinsi. Namun, tidak semua kecamatan sentra di kabupaten kawasan ubi kayu memiliki peluang peningkatan produktivitas karena produktivitas ubi kayu yang dicapai petani telah sangat mendekati potensinya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya peningkatan produksi ubi kayu di kabupaten kawasan ubi kayu akan lebih efektif jika ditempuh melalui peningkatan luas tanam. Namun, pendekatan luas tanam tersebut tidak efisien bagi upaya peningkatan produksi komoditas pangan secara keseluruhan karena persaingan lahan usaha tani dengan komoditas lainnya. Oleh karena itu, upaya peningkatan produksi di kabupaten kawasan ubi kayu seyogianya lebih diutamakan melalui peningkatan produktivitas. Dalam rangka pengembangan kawasan ubi kayu, penyusunan Rencana Aksi di tingkat kabupaten merupakan langkah penting yang harus ditempuh.</p>
<strong>English</strong><br />The fast growing research in the field of nanotechnology in the last decade is a challenge as well as an opportunity for Indonesia to participate in the world market. This paper aimed to assess the prospects of nanotechnology application in Indonesia, especially in agriculture and food processing. The study was conducted through a literature review. Nanotechnology has a promising prospect to be applied in Indonesia. However, the research, development, and application of nanotechnology in Indonesia grow slowly and are more focused on areas other than agriculture and food processing, such as electronics, energy, medicine, pharmacy, etc. Barriers to the development of nanotechnology in Indonesia among others are (1) inadequate nanotechnology facilities and dispersed sporadically in a number of institutions, (2) lack of synergism among research institutions working on nanotechnology, (3) less supporting human resources, and (4) limited budget. A number of studies reveal that nanotechnology application in agriculture and food processing in Indonesia includes fertilizers, antioxidants, preservatives, fortification, functional foods, nutraceuticals, smart packaging, etc. In order to support nanotechnology application in national agro-industry, some policies to implement are (a) developing nanotechnology research network at national level, (b) socialization of nanotechnology and its potential utilization in agriculture, (c) strengthening human resource capacity in nanotechnology, (d) developing nanotechnology research synergy, (e) developing the governance of nanotechnology research at IAARD, (f) setting research priorities of nanotechnology, and (g) developing collaboration with private parties.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Penelitian di bidang teknologi nano yang berkembang pesat dalam dekade terakhir merupakan tantangan dan peluang bagi Indonesia untuk ikut berperan dalam pasar dunia. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji prospek penerapan teknologi nano, khususnya pada bidang pertanian dan pengolahan pangan. Kajian dilakukan melalui studi pustaka yang relevan dengan penelitian, pengembangan, dan penerapan teknologi nano, khususnya pada bidang pertanian dan pengolahan pangan di Indonesia. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan teknologi nano mempunyai prospek yang cerah untuk diterapkan di Indonesia, namun penelitian, pengembangan, dan penerapannya di Indonesia berkembang lambat dan lebih terfokus pada bidang selain pertanian dan pengolahan pangan, seperti elektronik, energi, kedokteran, dan farmasi. Hambatan perkembangan teknologi nano di Indonesia antara lain (1) fasilitas (sarana dan prasarana) teknologi nano yang kurang memadai dan tersebar di sejumlah institusi; (2) kurangnya sinergisme antarlembaga riset teknologi nano; (3) sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang kurang mendukung; dan (4) anggaran yang kurang memadai. Sejumlah studi mengungkapkan penerapan teknologi nano pada bidang pertanian dan pengolahan pangan di Indonesia, seperti pupuk, antioksidan, pengawet makanan, fortifikasi, pangan fungsional, nutrasetikal, dan kemasan pintar. Dalam rangka mendorong penerapan teknologi nano pada agroindustri nasional maka peningkatan penguasaan teknologi nano di bidang pertanian perlu terus diupayakan dan dapat ditempuh melalui (a) membangun jaringan riset teknologi nano pada lingkup nasional, (b) sosialisasi teknologi nano dan potensi pemanfaatannya di bidang pertanian, (c) memperkuat SDM teknologi nano, (d) mengembangkan sinergi penelitian teknologi nano, (e) mengembangkan tata kelola penelitian teknologi nano pada lingkup Badan Litbang Pertanian, (f) menetapkan prioritas penelitian teknologi nano, dan (g) mengembangkan kerja sama dengan pihak swasta.
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