AbstrakDehidrasi merupakan kondisi kekurangan cairan tubuh karena jumlah cairan yang keluar lebih banyak daripada jumlah cairan yang masuk. Terdapat 37,3% remaja asupan cairannya kurang dari 90% kebutuhannya atau risiko dehidrasi. Dehidrasi dapat menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya obesitas pada anak dan remaja di samping asupan energi dan lemak yang berlebihan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat konsumsi energi, lemak dan cairan serta status hidrasi pada mahasiswa obesitas dan non obesitas di Akademi Gizi Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analitik yaitu membanding antara kelompok obesitas dan non obesitas atau case control study. Populasi dalam penelitian seluruh mahasiswa Akademi Gizi Surabaya sebanyak 170 mahasiswa baik yang obes maupun normal. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 31 mahasiswa obesitas (total population) dan 31 mahasiswa non obesitas (simple random sampling). Pengambilan data asupan energi, lemak dan cairan dilakukan dengan repeated recall dan status hidrasi dilakukan dengan tes urine, sedangkan uji statistik yang digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan dua kelompok dengan uji Chai Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan tingkat konsumsi lemak, cairan, dan status hidrasi pada mahasiswa obesitas dan non obesitas di Akademi Gizi Surabaya. Mahasiswa yang obesitas memiliki tingkat konsumsi energi dengan kategori di atas normal yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan mahasiswa non obesitas. Tingkat konsumsi lemak pada mahasiswa non obesitas dengan kategori defisit berat lebih tinggi (32,3%) dibandingkan kelompok obesitas (3,2%). Tingkat konsumsi cairan pada mahasiswa obesitas dengan kategori defisit berat lebih tinggi (64,5%) dibandingkan non obesitas (19,4%). Status hidrasi menunjukkan mahasiswa obesitas banyak mengalami dehidrasi yaitu 21 responden (67,7%), dibandingkan mahasiswa non obesitas yaitu 6 responden (19,4%). Diharapkan mahasiswa terutama yang obesitas harus mendapatkan cukup informasi tentang pola makannya terutama asupan cairan karena ini akan mempengaruhi konsentrasi belajar. Perlu adanya penelitian lanjutan antara asupan cairan dan status hidrasi dengan status kesehatan pada mahasiswa.
The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Indonesia continues to increase. Free radicals are increasing the occurrence of diseases, one of them is dyslipidemia. Previous studies showed that antioxidant compounds have strong potential as dyslipidemia drug. The mechanism action of dyslipidemia treatment is inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through the HMG CoA reductase and cholesterol absorption mediated with lipase. This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity along with the inhibition of HMG CoA reductase and lipase in a combination of ethanolic extract of Anredera cordifolia leaf (EB) with ethanolic extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome (ET) and its single form. The antioxidant activity test was conducted using DPPH method by making serial dilution of samples and ascorbic acid with adding DPPH and methanol as standard. The inhibitory activity of HMG CoA and lipase was conducted by making a series concentration of sample as well as simvastatin as the comparison. The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity is in ET samples IC50 16.21 ± 1.74 µg/mL, but was less potential compared to ascorbic acid IC50 7,63±0,85 µg/mL. The most potential inhibition of HMG CoA and lipase is in ET samples IC50 8.35 ± 0.02 and 22.35 ± 1.26 µg/mL. The combination of ET-EB (1: 1) is better than EB but lower than ET in antioxidant activity as well as the inhibition of HMG CoA reductase and lipase. The result showed a correlation that the higher antioxidant activity, the higher inhibitory of HMG CoA reductase and lipase respectively.
Inflammatory is a body defense mechanism due to respond of tissue on undermine influences, either local or the one that go into the body. Inflammatory can cause various physical dysfunctions. Uncaria gambir Roxb, a high catechin content in ethyl acetate fraction, is widely used as wound healing in Indonesian culture, therefore its mechanism of anti-inflammatory action is still unknown. The objective of our study is to investigated the activity of anti-inflammatory ethyl acetate fraction of Uncaria gambir leaves inhibition of edema, COX-2 and iNOS expression using induction method with carrageenan in rats. This study is experimental research which use 25 white Wistar strain rats as animals assay that divided into 5 groups: negative group (water), positive group (sodium diclofenac 50 mg/kg bw), dose I (5 mg/kg bw fraction), II (10 mg/kg bw fraction) and III (20 mg/kg bw fraction) groups. Each of them were given orally 30 min before carrageenan 3% induced. The paw volume was measured every day for seven day after injection carrageenan using plethysmometer. Inhibition COX-2 and iNOS expression were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of Uncaria gambir leaves in all doses had anti-inflammatory effect on white rats through the mechanism of inflammatory inhibition by reducing edema volume. All three fraction doses can also reduce COX-2 and iNOS expression. The fraction had the highest anti-inflammatory potency by the dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. The conclusion that ethyl acetate of three doses had anti-inflammatory activities through a mechanism of edema volume reduction, COX-2 and iNOS expression.
The widespread usage of traditional medicine either in the developed or developing countries, makes traditional medicine requirements become a major concern in terms of assuring the safety and effectiveness of treatment. WHO suggested dissolution study to support traditional medicine clinical trials. The catechins from gambier could reduce atherosclerotic lesions case caused by elevated levels of cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. Catechin is hygroscopic that becoming unstable. Raising the stability, gambier is made to a coated tablet. This study aimed to determine the condition of gambier leaves bioactive fraction coated tablet in simulated human body fluids through an in vitro testing using dissolution tester. Three formulations coated tablet with different coating percentage had been tested using dissolution tester apparatus. The test was conducted in water, acid, and buffer as dissolution medium to generate the dissolution profile. Tablet evaluation showed that the three formulations dissolved 71.25% ± 6.26 to 91.05% ± 3.05 in the water, acid, and buffer dissolution medium. The gambier leaves bioactive fraction coated tablet had more than 70% pharmaceutical availability in simulated human body fluids. AbstrakPenggunaan obat tradisional secara luas di negara-negara maju maupun berkembang menjadikan pentingnya penetapan syarat obat tradisional untuk keamanan dan keefektifan pengobatan. WHO memasukkan parameter uji disolusi sebagai data yang diperlukan untuk menunjang uji klinis obat tradisional. Katekin dari gambir berkhasiat mengurangi lesi aterosklerosis pada kasus peningkatan kadar kolesterol, LDL, dan trigliserida. Katekin bersifat higroskopis sehingga untuk meningkatkan kestabilannya dibuat tablet salut selaput. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelarutan tablet salut selaput fraksi bioaktif daun gambir di dalam cairan tubuh manusia dengan alat uji disolusi. Tiga tablet dengan variasi prosentase penyalut diuji kelarutannya dengan menggunakan alat uji disolusi. Uji disolusi dilakukan dalam media disolusi air, asam, dan buffer untuk mengetahui profil disolusinya pada interval waktu tertentu. Hasil uji disolusi menunjukkan kelarutan katekin sebesar 71,25% ± 6,26 sampai 91,05% ± 3,05 untuk semua variasi tablet di media disolusi air, asam, dan buffer. Tablet salut selaput fraksi bioaktif daun gambir mempunyai nilai ketersediaan farmasi lebih dari 70% di dalam simulasi cairan tubuh manusia. Kata kunci: Fraksi bioaktif daun gambir ; Katekin; Tablet salut selaput; Uji disolusi.
The article describes a new idea of plant-based hypercholesterolemia treatment. Statins are commonly used for hypercholesterolemia treatment. Due to the side effects of statins, natural HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors plant-based are needed. Based on the affordability and less toxicity, the plant has increasing acceptability for treating ailments. The 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is the key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway producing cholesterol. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase reduces cholesterol biosynthesis in a liver. As an Indonesian plant containing catechin, Uncaria gambir can reduce cholesterol in the blood through HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity. This study aims to investigate the potential antihypercholesterolemic of the extract and catechin isolate of Uncaria gambir. Gambier leaves were extracted in water. The catechin from gambier extract was isolated with ethyl acetate-hexane using column chromatography. Phytochemical analysis of extract and catechin isolate were conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was tested using a 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay with vitamin C as a positive control. The inhibitory activity of HMG-CoA enzymes was carried out enzymatically using an HMG-CoA reductase assay kit by spectrophotometric and simvastatin as a standard. The results showed that the catechin in the extract was 68.32% while in isolate - 96.74%. The extract's scavenging activity (IC50) was 6.2 μg/mL, catechin isolate was 2.4 μg/mL, and vitamin C was 4.1 μg/mL. The in-vitro assessment of HMG-CoA reductase activity indicated 73.12%; 97.46%; 85.74% inhibition by the extract, catechin isolate, and simvastatin, respectively. Catechin isolate from Uncaria gambir showed strong HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity offers a high potential for hypercholesterolemia treatment.
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