Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fraction From Uncaria Gambir Leaves Through the Inhibition of Edema, COX-2 and iNOS Expression

Abstract

Inflammatory is a body defense mechanism due to respond of tissue on undermine influences, either local or the one that go into the body. Inflammatory can cause various physical dysfunctions. Uncaria gambir Roxb, a high catechin content in ethyl acetate fraction, is widely used as wound healing in Indonesian culture, therefore its mechanism of anti-inflammatory action is still unknown. The objective of our study is to investigated the activity of anti-inflammatory ethyl acetate fraction of Uncaria gambir leaves inhibition of edema, COX-2 and iNOS expression using induction method with carrageenan in rats. This study is experimental research which use 25 white Wistar strain rats as animals assay that divided into 5 groups: negative group (water), positive group (sodium diclofenac 50 mg/kg bw), dose I (5 mg/kg bw fraction), II (10 mg/kg bw fraction) and III (20 mg/kg bw fraction) groups. Each of them were given orally 30 min before carrageenan 3% induced. The paw volume was measured every day for seven day after injection carrageenan using plethysmometer. Inhibition COX-2 and iNOS expression were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of Uncaria gambir leaves in all doses had anti-inflammatory effect on white rats through the mechanism of inflammatory inhibition by reducing edema volume. All three fraction doses can also reduce COX-2 and iNOS expression. The fraction had the highest anti-inflammatory potency by the dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. The conclusion that ethyl acetate of three doses had anti-inflammatory activities through a mechanism of edema volume reduction, COX-2 and iNOS expression.

Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Based Method for Catechin Isolated from the Leaves of Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb)

“…To reduce the moisture content, the next step was to dry the product in an oven for a day at a temperature of 40 to 50°C. 9 Fractionation of gambir leaf extract Fractionation was carried out by macerating gambir leaf extract powder in a chromatographic column using ethyl acetate as solvent. After 24 hours, the faucet on the column was slightly opened, and the ethyl acetate fraction of gambir leaf extract was collected using an Erlenmeyer flask.…”

“…The column temperature was maintained at 30 °C with a Sunfire C18 column sized at 4.6 × 150 mm, 0.45 mL/min flow rate, a 1.0 µL injection volume, and UV detection at 280 nm using a PDA detector (Waters). 9 Preparation of standard solutions Standard stock solutions of catechin were prepared by weighing 25 mg (25,000 µg) of standard catechin and then dissolving it in mobile phase B up to 25 mL (1000 µg/mL). The standard stock solution was diluted with acetonitrile to obtain the desired serial concentrations (50, 75, 125, 150, and 200 µg/mL).…”

Current Research of Phytochemical, Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Uses of Uncaria gambir Roxb.: A Review

“…In 2019, Musdja et al [ 106 ] studied in vivo catechins isolated from gambir using ethyl acetate solvent with Winter’s modified paw edema method. This study reported that the best dose for inhibiting edema was 100 mg/kg BW with a concentration of 59.19%.…”

Evaluation of Film-Coated Tablets of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb

“…Gambir leaves were fractionated using ethyl acetate, methanol, and water solvents, with ethyl acetate solvents having the greatest catechin content, which exceeded 90%. 3 © 2024 the authors. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License mixer (Canaan), a tableting press machine (Jen Chiang), a tableting coating machine (Hong Dau), an ultra-mixer (Turrax), a highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC; Waters), a dissolution tester (Hanson), a hardness tester (Erweka), a friabilator (Erweka), an analytical balance (Metler Toledo), a disintegration tester (Erweka), and a climatic chamber (Memmert).…”