The effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaf was studied on experimentally induced gastric ulceration in rats. Pretreatment with extract 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg bw reduced the characteristic lesions induced by indomethacin compared to untreated control group in a dose dependent manner. The effects observed could be due to the action of one or more of the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract.

Objective. To ascertain the essential oil phytochemicals of the leaf and to test for the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of dichloromethane crude extract of Barringtonia asiatica leaf. Methods. The phytochemical screening of essential oils, extraction by hydrodistillation using the Clevenger apparatus, and analysis performed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Antibacterial activity and the inhibition rate (mm) were determined using the agar disc method against four bacterial strains using tetracycline as positive control. The antioxidant potential of dichloromethane crude extract was investigated spectrophotometrically using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. Results. The essential oil properties were reasonable with major phytochemicals like uncineol 30.9%, eicosane 27.4%, eicosane 21.6%, and 4-propyl-guaiacol 14.05%. The antibacterial activity of the dichloromethane crude extract showed broad-spectrum activity against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae with inhibition value ranges between 2.50 ± 0.10 mm and 5.00 ± 0.06 mm. The dichloromethane crude extract exhibited strong antioxidant activities when compared to the standard. Conclusions. These results suggest that the leaves of Barringtonia asiatica is composed of essential compound as well as antibacterial and antioxidant properties from the crude extract; these are possible due to the presence of some bioactive compounds in the crude extract. The species also showed a reasonable amount of natural products in the essential oils from the hydrodistillation which can as well be used in the cosmetics and food industries.

Objective: The study presented here was carried out for the evaluation of bacterial and cytotoxic potential of chloroform extract of Leaves of Leptadenia hastata. The Bacterial effects was tested against 4 bacteria namely Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsielia pneumonia. Methods:The bacterial effect of the plant Leptadenia hastata was evaluated for potential antimicrobial properties in vitro by agar well diffusion method with four standard bacterial strains. Artemia salina; a brine shrimp species; was used to asses' cytotoxic activity of the plant extract.Result: Among the subjected four bacteria; in case of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Salmonella typhi; their zone of inhibition was higher (1.13 ± 0.15, 1.23 ± 0.12 and 1.03 ± 0.06) at 1000 ppm concentration. Whereas in the case of Klebsielia pneumonia, the zone of inhibition was higher (1.13 ± 0.06) at 500 ppm. The extract exhibited effectiveness against the four species of bacteria was significant. Cytotoxicity property which was reflected in LC50 value and was found to be dose dependent manner Conclusion:The present results showed potential of the medicinal plant used by traditional herbal medical practitioners as natural anti-bacteria and can effectively be used for its significant action. It is also an effective cytotoxic agent and thus justify its use among herbal medical practitioners.

Objective: This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial potential of five leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata plant on some bacteria. Methods:Leptadenia hastata extracts were evaluated for potential antimicrobial properties. The leaves of the plant were extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol and then vaporized to give respective extracts. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and Klebsielia pneumonia, was determined by an agar well diffusion method. The optical density of the broth using UV mini spectrophotometer and zone of inhibition by the crude extract were determined. Results:The results showed that of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Leptadenia hastata, methanolic and chloroform extracts displayed more activity with 1.10±0.10 mm ab and 0.97±0.06 mm ab where a Significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to different extract at the same concentration b Significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to the control, than others at 25-1000 ppm per well of the extracts tested. Conclusion:The present results showed the potential of the medicinal plant used by traditional herbal medical practitioners as natural antimicrobial agents, thus can be further used to determine the bioactive products that may provide as leads in the development of new drugs.

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The study assessed the diversity of the indigenous tree species and also produce of a compendium of information on the various medicinal uses of the indigenous tree species and their parts in Adamawa State, Michika local government seven districts; Bazza, Futu, Garta, Madzi, Michika, Nkafa, Zah. Sample plots method was used in the assessment of the indigenous tree species using questioner. All indigenous Medicinal plants information on ethonomedicinal uses was obtained through oral interviews and the through the questioners. Age group and occupation was considered such as; Local healer, Herbalist, Traditional birth attendance, experienced parents, patients and students were randomly selected for this purpose. Result of the findings indicated that 48 common indigenous medicinal plants species were encountered in all the seven districts inventoried in the study. Results further indicate that Acacia seyal,

Objective: This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the impact of biochar on phytochemical composition in plant especially Etlingera elatior cultivated on different dosage of biochar. Methods: Etlingera elatior was cultivated on the pot with 20 cm diameter and 35 cm height. 3 replicates for pots of Etlingera elatior was cultivated and label as 0%, 5% and 20%. The ordinary farm soil without biochar (0%) as control, fertilized soil with biochar; 5% and 20%. In a net house and watered twice daily. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis was performed by using a non-polar BPX-5 capillary column with an initial temperature of 50°C hold for five minutes and then increased to 300°C at a rate of 5.0°C per minutes and hold 10 minutes. The biochar samples were analysed using an ATR-FTIR equipped with diamond crystal, controlled by OMNIC software (Thermo Nicolet Analytical Instruments, Madison, WI). A flat tip powder press was used to achieve even distribution and contact. Results: The result showed significantly increased in the phytochemical composition with increase in the biochar concentration. At 0% phytol (13%), Hexadecanoic acid (9.76%), Neophytadiene (6.51%), coumarin (5.65%), precocene (5.27%) and caryophyllene (4.59%). At 5% are Dihydrocucurbitacin (13.69%), Niacinamide (11.02%), α-Limonene (10.01%), Phyrahen (9.23%), Phytol (7.24%) and Neophytadiene (5.75%) and at 20% Linoleic acid (39.98%), 2-pinen-4-ol (12.32%), Hexatriacontyl pentafluoropropionate (6.89%), Benzofuran (5.12%), Acethophenon (4.41%) and furfural (4.03%). Conclusion: Application of biochar on soil can increase nutrient availability and enhance the development of phytochemical composition in plants. Without biochar, the chemical composition Etlingera elatior extract was slighlyt low. At 5% and 20% biochar, some compounds are increasing and new were obtained compared to 0% biochar. Most of the compounds known to be secondary metabolite which are rich in medicinal values. Thus, biochar could be used to increase the quantity and quality of phytochemicals in plant especially medicinal plants.

Objective: The study aimed to identify the phytochemical composition of Leucaena leococephala leaf and evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the essential oil from the leaf. Material and Methods: The sample was subjected to Clevenger apparatus to extract the oil. The essential oil was characterized by chromatography method (GC-MS). The GC-MS was performed on Perkin Elmer gas chromatography model Clarus 680 equipped with HP-5 fused capillary column (5%) phenylmethyl polysiloxane stationary phase with 30m length, 0.25µm of film thickness and 0.25oc and 280oc respectively. Antibacterial activity using Agar Disc Method. Result: The result obtained from the GC-MS presented thirty phytochemicals of which Neophytadiene (9.48%), Octadecane (3.15%), 1-Octadecyne (3.85%), Phytol (52.51%) and Hexacosane (7.26%) are major. The antibacterial potential activities were observed in various ways with zone of inhibition diameters ranging from 0.70±0.00mm to1.27±0.06mm for staphylococcus aureus and Klebsielia pneumonia respectively among the six-concentration selected (25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000ppm). Conclusion: It is investigated in this present studies that Leucaena leococephala essential oil can be utilized against the management of antibacterial diseases particularly Klebsielia pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureusas well as used in the Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics industry.