Phytochemical Screening of Essential Oils and Antibacterial Activity and Antioxidant Properties of Barringtonia asiatica (L) Leaf Extract

Abstract

Objective. To ascertain the essential oil phytochemicals of the leaf and to test for the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of dichloromethane crude extract of Barringtonia asiatica leaf. Methods. The phytochemical screening of essential oils, extraction by hydrodistillation using the Clevenger apparatus, and analysis performed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Antibacterial activity and the inhibition rate (mm) were determined using the agar disc method against four bacterial strains using tetracycline as positive control. The antioxidant potential of dichloromethane crude extract was investigated spectrophotometrically using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. Results. The essential oil properties were reasonable with major phytochemicals like uncineol 30.9%, eicosane 27.4%, eicosane 21.6%, and 4-propyl-guaiacol 14.05%. The antibacterial activity of the dichloromethane crude extract showed broad-spectrum activity against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae with inhibition value ranges between 2.50 ± 0.10 mm and 5.00 ± 0.06 mm. The dichloromethane crude extract exhibited strong antioxidant activities when compared to the standard. Conclusions. These results suggest that the leaves of Barringtonia asiatica is composed of essential compound as well as antibacterial and antioxidant properties from the crude extract; these are possible due to the presence of some bioactive compounds in the crude extract. The species also showed a reasonable amount of natural products in the essential oils from the hydrodistillation which can as well be used in the cosmetics and food industries.

Essential oil of Alchornea laxiflora (benth): phytochemical, antimicrobial and toxicity evaluations

“…Several lines of scientific studies suggested that the essential oils exerted higher antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, compared to the gram-negative bacteria. However, our study showed that ALEO, at the concentration of 100 μl/mL, was active against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria [5,39]. From time immemorial, there has been an erroneous belief that herbal remedies or their semi-synthetic derivatives were free of any toxic effects [40].…”

“…A myriad of biological activities has been attributed to essential oils extracted from the flowers, leaves, stems, and roots of aromatic plants. Specifically leaf-derived essential have been studied for antibacterial [4,5], antioxidant [6,7], antifungal [8], anti-diabetic [9], anti-cancer [10,11] ; anti-parasitic [12,13], anti-aging [14], anti-inflammatory [15] and hepatoprotective [16,17] effects. The components and functional groups of the essential oils contribute to their bio-activities.…”

Isolation and Antimicrobial Activities of Phytochemicals from Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae)

“…Four microbial isolates drawn from the list of common and emerging nosocomial pathogens were used in the study [25,26]. M. smegmatis 155 mc 2 laboratory strain was obtained from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town. A clinical strain of C. krusei and K. pneumoniae (ATCC 700603) was obtained from the Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe.…”

“…Infectious diseases remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the developing countries [1]. Resistance to common antimicrobial agents has led to high frequency of treatment failures and increase in treatment cost [2].…”

Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Biological Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Fresh Leaf Extract and Fresh Stem-Bark of Carica papaya

“…Biohazard cabinet was used for the inoculation of the bacteria [15]. 1 mL of the prepared broth was streaked over the entire agar plate surface in four different directions using sterile cotton bud.…”