Objective: The study presented here was carried out for the evaluation of bacterial and cytotoxic potential of chloroform extract of Leaves of Leptadenia hastata. The Bacterial effects was tested against 4 bacteria namely Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsielia pneumonia. Methods:The bacterial effect of the plant Leptadenia hastata was evaluated for potential antimicrobial properties in vitro by agar well diffusion method with four standard bacterial strains. Artemia salina; a brine shrimp species; was used to asses' cytotoxic activity of the plant extract.Result: Among the subjected four bacteria; in case of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Salmonella typhi; their zone of inhibition was higher (1.13 ± 0.15, 1.23 ± 0.12 and 1.03 ± 0.06) at 1000 ppm concentration. Whereas in the case of Klebsielia pneumonia, the zone of inhibition was higher (1.13 ± 0.06) at 500 ppm. The extract exhibited effectiveness against the four species of bacteria was significant. Cytotoxicity property which was reflected in LC50 value and was found to be dose dependent manner Conclusion:The present results showed potential of the medicinal plant used by traditional herbal medical practitioners as natural anti-bacteria and can effectively be used for its significant action. It is also an effective cytotoxic agent and thus justify its use among herbal medical practitioners.

Phytochemical study on the stem barks of Goniothalamus velutinus resulted in the isolation of three compounds identified as goniothalamin (1), pinocembrine (2) and naringenin (3). Their structures were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods especially Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Goniothalamin (1) has been isolated from several Goniothalamus spp. but no report on the isolation of (1) from Goniothalamus velutinus. Antiviral properties of (1) against Measles virus showed weak activity compared to positive control, ribavirin.

This study was to investigate survival, growth and accumulation potential of Acalypha wilkesiana in phytoextraction of heavy metals contaminated soil. Acalypha wilkesiana was tested to evaluate its tolerance and phytoextraction capacity in soils contaminated with metals. It was tested under 10 mL of 100 mg/kg of As, Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn solution, along 240 days in greenhouse experiment with harvesting period of 60 days interval. Twenty four cuttings from Acalypha wilkesiana were subjected to the same treatment. Plants roots stem and leaves were dry-digested and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results show that Fe was the most accumulated metal followed by Cu, Mn, As and Zn with 5002.4, 542.7, 492.2, 396.7 and 308.2 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of Cr, Ni, and Co was 101.2, 99.09, and 89.63mg/kg respectively. The highest concentration of Pb was 46.44 mg/kg, Cd was not detected by the plant. Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) of metals were above unity in root, stem, and leaf except for Fe which showed a value below the unity, and Pb shows highest BF value of 7.79. The Translocation Factor (TF) of Cr, Co, Fe, Ni, and Pb were higher, while that of As, Cu, Mn, and Zn were below the unity, Co showed the highest value of 15.93. Furthermore, Extraction Coefficient (EC) of Cr, Co, Ni, and Pb were greater than 1, while for remaining metals were lower than unity, the highest EC was observed from Pb with a value 17.21.

An HPLC method with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry detection has been optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as antioxidants, and octyl methyl cinnamate (OMC) as UVB-filter in several personal care products. The dynamic range was between 1 to 250 mg/L with relative standard deviation less than 0.25% (n = 4). Limits of detection for BHA, BHT, and OMC were 0.196, 0.170, and 0.478 mg/L, respectively. While limits of quantification for BHA, BHT, and OMC were 0.593, 0.515, and 1.448 mg/L, respectively. The recovery for BHA, BHT, and OMC was ranged from 92.1–105.9%, 83.2–108.9%, and 87.3–103.7%, respectively. The concentration ranges of BHA, BHT, and OMC in 12 commercial personal care samples were 0.13–4.85, 0.16–2.30, and 0.12–65.5 mg/g, respectively. The concentrations of phenolic compounds in these personal care samples were below than maximum allowable concentration in personal care formulation, that is, 0.0004–10 mg/g, 0.002–5 mg/g, and up to 100 mg/g for BHA, BHT, and OMC, respectively.

Overall, methanol extracts from root and stem of both species showed antioxidant activity comparable to standard butylated hydroxytoluene. Extracts from L. resinosa demonstrated stronger antimicrobial properties compared to that from L. elliptica.

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Objective: This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial potential of five leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata plant on some bacteria. Methods:Leptadenia hastata extracts were evaluated for potential antimicrobial properties. The leaves of the plant were extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol and then vaporized to give respective extracts. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and Klebsielia pneumonia, was determined by an agar well diffusion method. The optical density of the broth using UV mini spectrophotometer and zone of inhibition by the crude extract were determined. Results:The results showed that of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Leptadenia hastata, methanolic and chloroform extracts displayed more activity with 1.10±0.10 mm ab and 0.97±0.06 mm ab where a Significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to different extract at the same concentration b Significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to the control, than others at 25-1000 ppm per well of the extracts tested. Conclusion:The present results showed the potential of the medicinal plant used by traditional herbal medical practitioners as natural antimicrobial agents, thus can be further used to determine the bioactive products that may provide as leads in the development of new drugs.