The results of the research showed that hydromorphous soils prevail on the territories adjoined to waste heaps. Swampy meadow and sod soils were defined. During investigation of swampy meadow soils it was determined that the soil is humused at a considerable depth. The soils are saturated with the bases. According to granulometric texture it is sandy loam soils, but with depth go to the middle loamy soils. The analysis for labile forms of heavy metals showed that in these soils the content of investigated heavy metals does not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations, except for lead. The amount of humus in sod soils sharply decreases with depth, the reaction is close to neutral. This soil is of slightly heavier granulometric texture. The content of labile forms of heavy metals doesn’t exceed MACs, except for lead.
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Urbanization in Ukraine has led to the development of the Lviv-Volyn coal basin. One of the main negative factors in the operation of coal basins are mine dumps. In addition to environmental hazards, waste heaps of coal mines violate the attractiveness and aesthetics of towns. The wastewater from waste heaps is a secondary factor in reducing the environmental safety of the coal-mining region. These waters are concentrated at the foot of landfills forming the man-made reservoirs. The research presents the negative factors of mine dumps and the results of physical and chemical analysis of subtericone wastewater and its impact on environmental pollution. It is established that the most polluted is the wastewater from waste heaps of the Mezhyrichanska mine which is caused by its operating process. The man-made polluted wastewater from heaps is a secondary factor in reducing the level of ecological danger of the coal-mining region. These waters are concentrated at the foot of landfills in the form of man-made reservoirs. The aim of the research is to indicate the negative factors of urban waste heaps by studying the physical and chemical properties of underspoil waters within the cities of Chervonograd and Novovolynsk.
Objective of the study is to research peculiarities of phytogenic fields formation of natural and artificial plantations of shrub and ruderal vegetation on coal mining waste heaps within the Novovolynsk mining area (Ukraine). The biometric analysis of the growth of artificial plantations on tailings has been carried out applying forest inventory methodology, which involves laying temporary experimental areas, measuring the diameter of tree species at a height of 1.3 m, the total height of trees and the parameters of crowns. Variation was applied to study the spatial structure of vegetation on reclaimed and damped waste heaps. The models of artificial phytocenoses and ameliorants on waste heaps of coal mines, which are formed during forest reclamation, have been described. The paper presents an analysis of forest inventory characteristics of the crops phytocenosis on waste heaps. The spatial structure of phytogenic fields basing on variation of the most common species in natural and artificial plantations on waste heaps has been established. This allows us to select an assortment of species to conduct effective vegetative reclamation on the surface of tailings. The article presents result of studies on the formation of phytogenic fields on waste heaps of coal mines, which presuppose formation of aggregations. It has been proved that formation of phytogenic fields is inextricably connected with vegetative reclamation. The conducted research of the origin and distribution of phytogenic fields makes it possible to assess the degree of suitability of tailings for afforestation, regardless of the country in which they are formed. Research of phytogenic fields on tailings and waste heaps of coal mines will improve bioindication research methodology for studying forest crops on their surface and suggest innovative methods of handling. In particular, it is possible to raise the level of environmental safety and aesthetics of the devastated territories, and to reduce cost of vegetative reclamation.
Introduction. In the industrial regions of Ukraine, the structure of nature formed over a long period without objective laws of development and recovery of natural resource systems and ecosystems. All natural ecosystems (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere) have undergone forceful anthropogenic pressure. Chemical, radioactive and other pollution of the natural environment causes various, often incurable diseases, irreversible changes in the genetic structure of cells, which leads to an increase in the birth rate of defective generations. A special place in this context takes ecological safety in mining complexes. Mining complexes interrelated processes of human impact on the environment to provide raw materials and energy resources of various fields of economic activity. In a broad sense, the resource means as sources of matter and space - the environment of their location and life.Purpose. The purpose of the work is to highlight the importance of environmental safety management in mining complexes and areas for improvement.Methods. We used the methods of theoretical research to improve environmental safety in the mining complexes.Results. Based on theoretical research and improving environmental safety in mining complexes, the following measures are needed: control over the environment, reproduction and protection of its resources, improvement of natural living conditions, improvement of mining complexes as an environmental safety management system.Following environmental principles, it is necessary to manage the environment safety of mining complexes with the involvement of existing tools and methods of environmental analysis, as environment safety of this activity is of great importance for all areas of the environment. It is a question of studying of the zones of technogenic influence which are forming around dumps of mine breeds, and maintenance of physical, chemical stability of mining wastes. Management of ecological safety in mining areas will allow excluding the occurrence of the ecological-extreme situation after completion of the operation of coal deposits and during the future use of the disturbing territories. Stimulating self-education and ecological education, practical activity is at the same time a kind of generator in the process of developing beliefs in the main direction of the knowledge of conscious and responsible attitude to nature, ecological consciousness.Conclusion. Reasonable measures must regulate the impact of mining complexes on the environment. That means the monitoring of the state of the environment in mining areas; assessment of the threat of environmental hazards; prevention of complication of the ecological situation of the mining area (reclamation, phytomeliorative measures of heaps); development (implementation) of appropriate programs aimed at reducing environmental hazards.
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