The aim of the work is to investigate the influence of man-made edaphotopes of colliery spoil heap on biota by bioindication method. The physicochemical properties of edaphotopes were investigated: humidity, substrate temperature, humus content at different intervals of their depth and on different sections of the waste heap. The storage technologies of mineral waste in the dumps disregard its further use and transforming that occurs over time. It was revealed that on the northern slope exposures the greatest amount of moisture was concentrated and temperature regimes were acceptable for the activity of the soil biota, which was proved by the largest amount of biomass. New dependences of humus content in edaphotopes of the heap in different intervals of their depth from biomass of humus-forming organisms were established. Slight successional processes on the surface of the heap were observed, where young flora began to develop. This positive phenomenon will contribute to the humus of the genetic horizons and the development of tree and shrub vegetation. Favourable conditions for the development of neo-terrain and the formation of a new landscape in mining regions were confirmed.
Urbanization in Ukraine has led to the development of the Lviv-Volyn coal basin. One of the main negative factors in the operation of coal basins are mine dumps. In addition to environmental hazards, waste heaps of coal mines violate the attractiveness and aesthetics of towns. The wastewater from waste heaps is a secondary factor in reducing the environmental safety of the coal-mining region. These waters are concentrated at the foot of landfills forming the man-made reservoirs. The research presents the negative factors of mine dumps and the results of physical and chemical analysis of subtericone wastewater and its impact on environmental pollution. It is established that the most polluted is the wastewater from waste heaps of the Mezhyrichanska mine which is caused by its operating process. The man-made polluted wastewater from heaps is a secondary factor in reducing the level of ecological danger of the coal-mining region. These waters are concentrated at the foot of landfills in the form of man-made reservoirs. The aim of the research is to indicate the negative factors of urban waste heaps by studying the physical and chemical properties of underspoil waters within the cities of Chervonograd and Novovolynsk.
The geochemical properties of water under the waste heaps within the Chervonohrad mining region have been studied. The environmental remediation around the technogenic reservoirs of rock heaps using the bioplateau systems is proposed. In 2017, samples were taken from reservoirs of technogenic origin located at the foot of rock heaps of such coal mines as “Mezhyrichanska”, “Velykomostivska”, “Stepova”, “Zarichna”, “Lisova” and “Chervonohradska”. According to the analysis of the studied parameters, it has been determined that water under the Mezhyrichanska Mine waste heaps is the most polluted. The most dangerous landscape-transforming factor of water under the waste heaps is the transfer of polluting substances into the soil, surface and subterranean waters. Through the use of the Pearson coefficients of correlation, the ratios between pollution patameters have been obtained. The determined correlation coefficients are high, positive (r = 0.78 – 0.99) and evidence of the toxic components spread in water under the waste heaps throughout the entire coal mining region. The obtained geochemical data on water under the waste heaps of mines in the Chervonohrad mining region are important in terms of the environmental impact assessment of mining activity on the human body and the biosphere components – the hydrosphere, the phytogenic field. It is necessary to establish environmental monitoring systems and to develop measures for the environmentally safe decommissioning the waste heaps of coal mines.
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