The geochemical properties of water under the waste heaps within the Chervonohrad mining region have been studied. The environmental remediation around the technogenic reservoirs of rock heaps using the bioplateau systems is proposed. In 2017, samples were taken from reservoirs of technogenic origin located at the foot of rock heaps of such coal mines as “Mezhyrichanska”, “Velykomostivska”, “Stepova”, “Zarichna”, “Lisova” and “Chervonohradska”. According to the analysis of the studied parameters, it has been determined that water under the Mezhyrichanska Mine waste heaps is the most polluted. The most dangerous landscape-transforming factor of water under the waste heaps is the transfer of polluting substances into the soil, surface and subterranean waters. Through the use of the Pearson coefficients of correlation, the ratios between pollution patameters have been obtained. The determined correlation coefficients are high, positive (r = 0.78 – 0.99) and evidence of the toxic components spread in water under the waste heaps throughout the entire coal mining region. The obtained geochemical data on water under the waste heaps of mines in the Chervonohrad mining region are important in terms of the environmental impact assessment of mining activity on the human body and the biosphere components – the hydrosphere, the phytogenic field. It is necessary to establish environmental monitoring systems and to develop measures for the environmentally safe decommissioning the waste heaps of coal mines.
Wild fires have a catastrophic impact on the environment and lead to people’s deaths. Such fires are relevant in the global context. Many countries declare some of their territories an ecological disaster zone during fires in natural ecosystems (USA, Portugal, Greece, Spain, Italy, Australia). Fires in ecosystems occurred in southern Ukraine in 2007 and in the eastern part of Ukraine in 2021, which destroyed large tracts of pine, as well as homes, buildings and caused human casualties. In the given research, much attention is paid to fire-prevention measures in natural ecosystems. It is proposed to optimize fire stations in the territory of Male Polissya (Ukraine), where frequent grass fires and grassland forest fires occur, since existing fire stations are not able to respond to all fires in the region in a timely manner due to the lack of forces and resources. Optimization of fire station locations was carried out using Voronoi diagrams. This research has a practical aspect, ensuring the protection of human health and life by preventing destructive fires in natural ecosystems through the creation of local safety facilities. On the example of 3 administrative districts of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine, it was established that in order to respond quickly to fires in ecosystems, it is necessary to create 20 additional fire stations, which has been determined by the 20-minute drive method approved by the state authorities. The algorithm proposed in this work can be applied to rural areas in other administrative units, both in Ukraine and other countries. The next step in the development of this technique is to determine the required amount of equipment and human resources for firefighting in ecosystems taking into account the projected dynamics of fires and the time required for the delivery of fire extinguishers to epicenters of these events.
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