Waste heaps in the urban environment as negative factors of urbanization

Abstract

Urbanization in Ukraine has led to the development of the Lviv-Volyn coal basin. One of the main negative factors in the operation of coal basins are mine dumps. In addition to environmental hazards, waste heaps of coal mines violate the attractiveness and aesthetics of towns. The wastewater from waste heaps is a secondary factor in reducing the environmental safety of the coal-mining region. These waters are concentrated at the foot of landfills forming the man-made reservoirs. The research presents the negative factors of mine dumps and the results of physical and chemical analysis of subtericone wastewater and its impact on environmental pollution. It is established that the most polluted is the wastewater from waste heaps of the Mezhyrichanska mine which is caused by its operating process. The man-made polluted wastewater from heaps is a secondary factor in reducing the level of ecological danger of the coal-mining region. These waters are concentrated at the foot of landfills in the form of man-made reservoirs. The aim of the research is to indicate the negative factors of urban waste heaps by studying the physical and chemical properties of underspoil waters within the cities of Chervonograd and Novovolynsk.

Element Cycling at Thermally Active Coal-Waste Dumps: A Case Study of Calamagrostis epigejos and Solidago canadensis

“…The toxicity and real impact on the environment of coal-waste dumps constantly bring to light many contradictions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Theoretically, such facilities-properly prepared and protected-should be neutral to the surroundings [8,9], which in Poland is regulated by legal provisions, including the Environmental Protection Law (Act of 27 April 2001).…”

“…The enrichment factor is used to assess the degree of anthropogenic influence on ecosystems. The results determine five classes: deficiency to minimal enrichment (<2), moderate enrichment (2-5), significant enrichment (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), very high enrichment , and extremely high enrichment (>40). • Translocation factor (TF): TF = C n R n , where C n is the element content in the aboveground parts of the plant, and B n is the concentration of the same element in the roots [58,59].…”

“…• Translocation factor (TF): TF = C n R n , where C n is the element content in the aboveground parts of the plant, and B n is the concentration of the same element in the roots [58,59]. The results distinguish four classes: low contamination factor (<1), moderate contamination factor (1-3), considerable contamination factor (3)(4)(5)(6), and very high contamination factor (>6).…”