BACKGROUND: Peronema canescens (Sungkai) leaves have been popular in Indonesia which contain various bioactive compounds with empirical therapeutic efficacy in dealing with COVID-19 and various other diseases. Total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method from P. canescens leaf extract have not been studied much. AIM: This research has several objectives. The first is to compare the results of qualitative phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract of the leaves of P. canescens (EEPL). The second is to measure the total phenol and flavonoid content. The third is to test the FTIR and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of P. canescens leaves in vitro using the DPPH method. METHODS: Fresh plant material and simplicia, ethanol extract extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent from P. canescens. The Dragendorff’s and Mayer test carried out the qualitative phytochemical analysis, FeCl3 test, Salkowski method, Liebermann–Burchard method, foam test, and NaOH reagent. The total phenolic and flavonoid levels were tested using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. In vitro antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. RESULTS: The results of qualitative phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids were detected in the extract of P. canescens. The spectra from the FTIR test results showed various absorbance peak values indicating the bonding of specific functional groups, namely: 418.12, 599.94, 666.67, 1036.39, 1159.52, 1224.16, 1348.95, 1454.19, 1600.87, 1732.00, 2923.13, and 3353.01 cm-1. In the test results, total phenolic content was as much as 5.64% (mgEAG/g) and total flavonoid content of 142,247 mgEQ/g in a sample of 1 mg extract, which was equivalent to 1 mg quercetin. EEPL has antioxidant activity with the DPPH IC50 method of 116.7865 ppm. CONCLUSION: The data obtained at this time can contribute to the exploitation of P. canescens leaves in the future as one of the nutraceutical products, supplements, and herbal medicines by specific industries related to improving the health status of the world community. The higher the bioactive substance in preparation, the more significant the effect of the pharmacological efficacy response. P. canescens ethanol extract has good total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant action.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship among nutritional status, activity physical and intake fiber with levels sugar blood fasting on type 2 DM patients in Puskesmas Pasar Ikan of Bengkulu city. Cross-sectional design is used in this research . The subject in research  is 33 respondents who have diagnosed DM type 2 by health providers that fulfills criteria inclusion. Collecting data was done by using anthropometrical measurements, interviews structured with PAL, SQ-FFQ. Blood sample was taken by using  electro based biosensor system and  Easy Touch tool. The statistic analysis was done by  Correlation test. This research showed that there was no  relationship between blood glucose level in fasting with  nutritional status  (p = 0.748) . There was a relationship activity physical with GDP (p = 0.029) with negative  patterned  r = -0.379. There was relationship between  fiber intake  with  GDP (p = 0.039) with negative patterned  r = -0.362. There was a significant relationship between physical activity, fiber intake with the fasting blood sugar levels on  patients with DM type 2

The prevalence of stunting in coastal areas in fishing families in Bengkulu city is 29,4%. The potential possessed by coastal areas is not accompanied by the welfare of the lives of the people who occupy low economic strata, including in fulfilling nutrition. This study aimed to determine the relationship between energy consumption, protein, fat, carbohydrates, zinc, and iron with the incidence of stunting aged 1-59 months in fishing families in Bengkulu city. The cross-sectional research method was carried out in 2020 in Padang Serai and Malabro villages, which are fishers' family areas in Bengkulu city. Samples were children under five and mothers respondents with a total of 74. Data on food intake of children under five, obtained through the Food Frequency Questionnaire-Semi Quantitative (SQ-FFQ) and analyzed by nutrisurvey and microtoice to measure height were analyzed by HAZ index. The analysis used Chi-square statistical test. The results showed that there was a relationship between intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and zinc in the incidence of stunting under five (p < 0,05), and there was no relationship between iron intake and the incidence of stunting under five (p > 0,05). In conclusion, toddlers with adequate food intake are associated with the incidence of stunting in fishing families. Toddlers need a balanced nutritional intake to prevent stunting through increasing maternal nutritional knowledge.

Background: Liverworts are a group of plants from the Marchantia genus containing various biologically active compounds and comprised of 65 species worldwide. This plant species belongs to the Marchantiaceae family, which was used empirically in China, North America, Ancient Greece, and Indonesia to treat open wounds, burns, hepatotoxicity, and infection prevention. Now, liverworts have great potential as medicinal and nutraceutical products because of their phytochemical content and diversity of pharmacological activities. Purpose: This review focuses on secondary metabolites obtained from the thalloid and whole plant parts (herbs) and the compilation of their pharmacological activities, which are still poorly documented. Review: This review article obtained related information through extensive international journals (online) scientific databases and offline (books) related to all searches of the species of the genus Marchantia which included: phytochemical content (secondary metabolites) and various pharmacological activities which were collected and compared all results of literature studies from various aspects. Some of the secondary metabolites are Marchantin A, B, D dan E; Paleatin B; Perrottetin F, and Plagiochin E, which have various pharmacological activities. Various results regarding all the therapeutic properties of the genus Marchantia have been produced in the world such as: antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic activity, anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, muscle relaxant, antiosteoporosis, and skin care. Conclusion: Therefore, the potential for the development of medicinal, supplementary and nutraceutical products from various Marchantia species is very large and broad for the future.

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Buku pegangan ini merupakan hasil dari kerja kolaboratif yang intens. Pertama dan terutama, kami berterima kasih kepada Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Departemen Pendidikan Nasional atas dukungan pendanaannya. Kami berterima kasih atas bimbingan dan dukungan dari Direktur kami DR. Ratna Sitompul, MD, SpM(K) dan Chief Operating Officer Endang I., Achadi, MD, MPH, DrPH. Kami juga berterima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah berkontribusi besar dalam pengembangan dan peninjauan buku pegangan ini. Mereka adalah Airin Roshita (dosen di SEAMEOTROPMED RCCN), Umi Fahmida (dosen di SEAMEO-TROPMED RCCN), Duma O. Fransisca (kunsultan individu yang bekerja di bidang nutsisi dan kesehatan), Ahmad Fedyani Saifuddin (profesor antropologi, Jurusan Antropologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, Universitas Indonesia), Risang Rimbatmaja (peneliti yang menginspirasi dalam penggunaan metode penelitian kualitatif dan metode penelitian lainnya), dan yang terakhir namun tak kalah penting, konsultan eksternal kami Anita V. Shankar (antropolog medis dari Johns Hopkins University, Boston, AS). Kami juga ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada kolega kami yang telah bekerja "di belakang layar" untuk pengembangan buku pegangan ini, terutama kepada Rindrawati untuk format pengeditan dan Achmad Tjatju Djayanto untuk pengaturan tata letak. Ucapan terima kasih yang tulus juga ditujukan kepada Tim Keuangan (Pak Budhi, pak Jatmiko, Monic, yut, Relita dkk) yang telah berhasil mengatur semua pekerjaan administrasi untuk masalah keuangan

Body image distortion has been linked with mind, emotion, sensation and strongly related tosize, and shape of individual performance. This research aimed to investigate the perception of bodyimage for adolesscent in the second grade of senior high school in SMAN 1 Bogor. A qualitative designwas used to conduct this research by using indepth interview with phenomenology approach. Six students,who were all women, consist of three students were overweight/obese and the other were lean.Allof students were interviewed regarding their perception related three domain areas which were: bodyperception,perception of current body and efforts for achieving the ideal body composition shape. Thefindingsindicated the three student who were overweigt/obese pointed out that they were happy andacceptedwith their performance but they were not better performing. The other of three student whowerelean stated that they had many perception with their body image such as: thin, was not goodlooking,andunbalancing high and weight. Almost all of the students had a similar perception abouttheirbody image whether they were overweight/obese and lean. They were not unhappy with their performance,but they had the same opinion about ideal body shape.

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