Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the sixth highest cause of death in Indonesia. Thus, it must be prevented and overcome with appropriate management. This study aimed to determine the contribution of physiological factors and physical activities to the incidence of T2DM. The study used a cohort retrospective design using secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) from 2007 to 2014, which included a sample of 14,517 people involved for more than 20 years. Data analysis was performed using multiple logistic regressions. The results revealed a 3.8% incidence of T2DM in Indonesia. Record of hypertension risk increased the likelihood of T2DM by 1.7 times compared to without hypertension. A normal body mass index (BMI) increased the risk by 2.2 times, a higher BMI at 5.5 times, and BMI whose risk obesity was 7 times had greater likelihood of having T2DM compared with respondents with a thin BMI. After controlling for sex, age, marital status, record of parents’ DM, residence, employment, and education, results also indicated that people with less active physical activity were likely to have T2DM compared to those who were very active. Controlling blood pressure, maintaining a normal BMI, and increasing physical activity since adolescence can prevent T2DM.
Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu employee is one of the jobs at risk for obesity. Besides, the support of economic capacity is also one of the factors of higher intake of food than the calories removed from physical activity. The study aim was to investigate the relationship between intake of energy and fat, physical activity to body mass index among Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu employees. The cross-sectional study design was conducted on 65 employees consists of 22 men and 43 women aged 23-59 years in Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu located in the city of Bengkulu. Energy and fat intakes were assessed using 2 x 24 hours of Food Recall. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by calculating body weight to height (kg/m2). Physical activity was measured using the physical activity questionnaire from FAO for one day. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation to determine the relationship between energy & fat intake, physical activity, and body mass index. 61,5% of the employee was classified as non-obese. The average energy intake, fat intake, and physical activity was 1425.52 Kcal, 48.09 gram, and 1.78 PAR respectively. The result showed p-value for energy, fat and physical activities were 0,366; 0,638; 0,189, respectively, which means there is no relationship between energy intake, fat intake and physical activity to body mass index. There was no correlation between the intake of energy and fat and physical activity to Body Mass Index. This no relationship occurred because intakes and physical activity are assessed now as well, but BMI is the result of years. This is the limitation of this study.
Penyakit HIV/AIDS merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi yang masih terus menjadi masalah besar bagi masyarakat global. Hasil estimasi dan proyeksi jumlah orang dengan HIV/AIDS di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 640.000 orang dan prevalensi secara nasional pada orang dewasa sebesar 0,4%. Berbagai macam bentuk infeksi yang disebabkan oleh HIV, salah satunya ditandai dengan turunnya jumlah sel limfosit T CD4 + dan juga penurunan kadar IFN-γ yang dapat menyebabkan percepatan replikasi virus hingga terjadi kegagalan sistem imun. N-asetilsistein (NAC) merupakan varian dari asam amino L-sistein yang merupakan sumber dari golongan sulfhydryl (SH) dan diubah dalam tubuh menjadi metabolit yang mampu menstimulasi sintesis gluthatione (GSH), menginduksi detoksifikasi dan bertindak secara langsung sebagai pemakan radikal bebas juga merupakan antioksidan diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kondisi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian NAC terhadap perubahan kadar IFN-γ pada penderita HIV/AIDS di RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinik acak tersamar ganda. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 pasien HIV/AIDS yang menjalani pengobatan ARV di RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang dibagi secara acak ke dalam 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok Plasebo dan NAC. Pada kelompok Plasebo, pasien diberi kapsul yang berisi laktosa dengan dosis 3x1 kapsul/hari, sedangkan kelompok NAC, diberi NAC dengan dosis 3x 200 mg/hari. Setiap kelompok diberi perlakuan sama selama 12 minggu. Darah pasien diambil sebelum dan setelah perlakuan untuk diperiksa kadar IFN-γ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok uji yang diberikan NAC maupun placebo tidak menunjukkan perubahan kadar IFN-γ yang bermakna setelah 12 minggu perlakuan(p>0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian, pemberian NAC tidak mempengaruhi kadar IFN-γ pada penderita HIV/AIDS yang menjalani pengobatan ARV.
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