Prevention and Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia through the Modification of Physiological Factors and Physical Activities

Simbolon, Demsa; Siregar, Afriyana; Talib, Ruzita Abd

doi:10.21109/kesmas.v15i3.3354

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Physical activity can help reduce blood sugar levels in diabetics. Physical activity, especially in high and moderate intensity, can help reduce body fat level and the risk of diabetes mellitus (47). This finding support previous study (48,49).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Indonesian population

Indrahadi

Wardana

Pierewan

2021

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

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Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing globally and remains debated. Objective: This study examines the association of socioeconomic status with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data obtained from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), a nationally representative population survey data, which polled 30,497 individuals age 16 years and over in 13 provinces in Indonesia. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the prevalence of diabetes mellitus with socioeconomic status. Results: Education level, employment status, age, and hypertension are related to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. According to educational level, individuals with lower education level were more likely to have diabetes mellitus than those who had a higher level of education (OR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.21-1.67), higher risk was also found in those who were unemployed (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.33-1.82). Besides, age and hypertension were independent factors for a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, age >55 (OR=4.71; 95% CI: 4.06-5.46), hypertension (OR=5.86; 95% CI: 5.00-6.87). Diabetes mellitus also show significantly higher among individuals living in urban areas compared to individuals living in rural areas (OR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.78-2.55). Conclusions: Socioeconomic status has a significant association with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among people above 15 years old in Indonesia. The government needs to design a preventive program to control this disease by considering the risk factors that may lead to the development of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Indonesian population

Indrahadi

Wardana

Pierewan

2021

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

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“…The average physical activity in the control group was slightly higher than in the case group. Similarly, Simbolon et al and Linder et al compared the physical activity patterns in the DM and non-DM groups and discovered that the pattern of physical activity in the non-DM group was higher [40], [41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phthalates exposure as environmental risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Fauziah

Suhartono²,

Widjanarko³

et al. 2023

IJPHS

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Phthalates exposure occurs in all areas, such as foods' plastic packaging, cosmetics, and others. Previous studies showed that phthalates are associated with the prevalence of T2DM. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is caused by a combination of defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the insulin-resistance. This study aimed to investigate whether phthalate exposure is an environmental risk factor for T2DM. A case-control study was conducted among residents in the South Tangerang district from June 2020 to February 2021 using a purposive sampling technique. The cases were the patients diagnosed T2DM with HbA1c<span style="text-decoration: underline;">></span>6.5% random blood sugar<span style="text-decoration: underline;">></span>200 mg/dL, with history T2DM treatment. The respondents' urines were collected and evaluated using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). A total of 47 cases and 47 controls were recruited in the study. The lowest monomethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) were 5.37 µg/L and 2.02 µg/L, respectively. On multivariable regression analysis, the high urinary MEP level (>131.91 µg/L) was independently associated with T2DM (OR: 3.754, 95% CI: 1.559–8.811, p-value: 0.002). MEP is an environmental risk factor for T2DM and likely has a significant impact on human health than MEHHP.

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“…The majority of respondents with type 2 diabetes were obese with a BMI value ≥ 25.0 kg/m 2 (97 patients; 73.71 %). Obesity is one of the factors influencing the onset of type 2 DM because excessive lipid deposits in the body affect sugar levels and cause cells to become insensitive to insulin (insulin resistance) (Simbolon et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of potential interactions of oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with comorbidities: A retrospective study

Utami

Octavia

2022

Pharm Educ

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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has many complications, such as microvascular and macrovascular complications. Patients are given polypharmacy therapy to combat these issues, which can cause drug interactions. Oral antidiabetic drugs were chosen based on their risk profile. Risk assessment aided treatment intensity targeting. The number of drugs taken can increase the risk of drug interactions causing health issues. Objective: To identify potential drug interactions based on their severity (major, moderate and minor) and the mechanism of the drug interaction (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics), in type two diabetes mellitus patients with comorbidities at the Lamongan Health Center. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using medical records and patient prescriptions from October 2020 to June 2021 at Puskesmas (Primary Health Centers) Deket, Karanggeneng, and Babat. The data were descriptively analysed. Drug interactions were analysed using drugs.com and Stockley. Purposive sampling was used to select 194 patients for inclusion. Results: From October 2020 to June 2021, 110 out of 194 outpatients at Lamongan Regional Health Center had potential drug interactions (56.7 %). The most common type of drug interaction was of moderate severity, with 120 cases (93.0%), and the most common mechanism was pharmacodynamics (61.2%). Conclusion: Polypharmacy is a difficult problem to avoid, so drug therapy monitoring is required in diabetic patients to minimise unwanted effects. Preventing potential drug interactions requires a system for early detection of potential drug interactions that may occur in patient prescribing and maximising pharmaceutical care. This system would allow for the community to be more proactive in finding out about potential drug interactions.

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Prevention and Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia through the Modification of Physiological Factors and Physical Activities

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Indonesian population

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Indonesian population

Phthalates exposure as environmental risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Study of potential interactions of oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with comorbidities: A retrospective study

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