Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular webs composed of neutrophil granular and nuclear elements. Because of the potentially dangerous amplification circuit between inflammation and tissue damage, NETs are becoming one of the investigated components in the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize studies on the role of NETs in determining the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. The study used six databases: PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOHost, Europe PMC, ProQuest, and Scopus. This literature search was implemented until October 31, 2021. The search terms were determined specifically for each databases, generally included the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, COVID-19, and prognosis. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was then used to assess the risk of bias. Ten studies with a total of 810 participants were chosen based on the attainment of the prerequisite. Two were of high quality, seven were of moderate quality, and the rest were of low quality. The majority of studies compared COVID-19 to healthy control. Thrombosis was observed in three studies, while four studies recorded the need for mechanical ventilation. In COVID-19 patients, the early NETs concentration or the evolving NETs degradations can predict patient mortality. Based on their interactions with inflammatory and organ dysfunction markers, it is concluded that NETs play a significant role in navigating the severity of COVID-19 patients and thus impacting their prognosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12026-022-09293-w.
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease that attacks the peripheral nerves, skin, and other organs. The cytokine IL-10 can deactivate macrophages, inhibit IL-12 production, which also inhibits IFN-ϒ production. IL-10 directly inhibits CD4+T cells and antigen-presenting cell (APC) function in cells infected with M. leprae. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in IL-10 levels in leprosy patients and non-patients at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital. This study used a case-control design for comparing 2 groups. Respondents in this study were 80 people. The case samples were all leprosy patients who were treated at the dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang for the period of January 16 - February 16, 2019, while the control group was medical personnel and paramedics who worked at the same hospital. The examination was carried out using the ELISA Sandwich method. The results showed that there was a significant difference in IL-10 levels between leprosy patients and non-leprosy leprosy (p=0.000). The average IL-10 level in leprosy patients (13.24 pg/ml) was lower than that in non-patients (40.15 pg/ml). It is concluded that there is a difference in IL-10 levels between leprosy patients and non-leprosy patients in leprosy sufferers are lower than non-leprosy persons.
Pendahuluan. Prevalensi depresi hamper mencapai 50% pada pasien yang berobat di pelayanan tertier klinik asma. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) telah diketahui sebagai sitokin pro-inflamasi yang berperan penting dalam mekanisme patogenesis sejumlah penyakit inflamasi kronik, termasuk asma bronkial dan depresi. Belum ada data penelitian mengenai hal tersebut di Indonesia.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 40 pasien asma bronkial tidak terkontrol di alergi imunologi klinik unit rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Moh Hoesin Palembang selama kurun waktu mulai bulan Juni 2014 sampai dengan Agustus 2014. Asma bronkial tidak terkontrol dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner Asthma Control Test (ACT), sedangkan gejala depresi dinilai dengan kuisioner Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Konfirmasi diagnosis depresi dilakukan dengan kriteria dari Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Psychiatry-IV Text Revision (DSMIV TR)/ International Code Diagnose 10 (ICD-10). Sementara itu, kadar TNF-α serum diukur dengan metode quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Hasil. Nilai median tingkat depresi dan TNF-α serum pada penelitian ini adalah 16 (10 – 45) dan 4,09 (1,29 – 19,57) pg/mL.Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik antara tingkat depresi dan kadar TNF-α (r = -0,265, p = 0,098).Simpulan. Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara tingkat depresi dengan kadar TNF-α pada penderita asma bronkial tidak terkontrol.Kata Kunci: asma bronkial tidak terkontrol, kadar TNF-α, Tingkat depresi The Correlation of Depression Level with Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) Concentration in Uncontrolled Bronchial Asthma PatientsIntroduction. Depression occurs at high rates in people with chronic diseases, including bronchial asthma, with the prevalence of depression approaches 50% in tertiary care asthma clinic. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is known to play a critical role in the pathogenic mechanism of a number of chronic inflammatory disease, including bronchial asthma and depression. There has not been any research data on the subject in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between depressive level and TNF-α level in uncontrolled bronchial asthma. Methods. This was a cross sectional study conducted in 40 patients with uncontrolled bronchial asthma at the allergy immunology clinic outpatient of Dr Moh Hoesin Hospital Palembang, during June 2014 until August 2014. Uncontrolled bronchial asthma was assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire, whereas depressive symptoms were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire, and diagnosis was confirmed by the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Psychiatry-IV Text Revision (DSM-IV TR) / International Code Diagnose 10 (ICD-10). Serum levels of TNF-α was measured by the method of quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The median value of the level of depression and serum TNF- α in this study were 16 (10 - 45) and 4.09 (1.29 - 19.57) pg/mL. There was no significant correlation between depressive level and TNF-α level ( r = -0.265 , p = 0.098 ). Conclusions. There was no significant correlation between depressive level and TNF-α level in uncontrolled bronchial asthma Keywords: depressive level, TNF-α level, uncontrolled asthma bronchial
BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder marked by the production of antibodies to the cell’s core components. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that plays a role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and regulation of the immune system. Vitamin D deficiency is a clinical condition that worsens clinical SLE. Betok fish commonly found in South Sumatra, Indonesia, is rich in vitamin D content AIM: The aim of the study was to explore the utilization of betok fish oil as a natural source of Vitamin D that could reduce inflammation in SLE. METHODS: A total of 30 male Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) were obtained from Eureka Research Laboratory (Palembang, Indonesia). About 30 kg of betok fish were obtained from the Palembang Fish Auction Center, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Betok fish were extracted to obtain theirs oil by heating and centrifuging processes. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the six groups: (1) Betok fish oil Group 1 0.1 mL/kg BW group, (2) Betok fish oil Group 2 0.2 mL/kg BW group, (3) Betok fish oil Group 3 0.4 mL/kgBW group, (4) normal control group, (5) negative control group, and (6) positive control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to assess ds-DNA levels and Vitamin D levels. Western blot assay was used to confirm the ELISA examination of pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]). All data were presented as mean ± standard deviation and all statistical analyzes are performed with the SPSS 25 (IBM) program. RESULTS: This study presented that the Vitamin D content in betok fish oil is quite high at 2021.43 IU/mL. That was higher than other Vitamin D regiments on the marketplace. Moreover, this research showed that giving fish oil at a dose of 0.4 mL/kg BW is more effective than the positive control in increasing serum Vitamin D levels. These results indicate the effectiveness of betok fish oil in increasing serum Vitamin D levels in SLE-induced rats. In addition, betok fish oil was able to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha, in serum of SLE rats. CONCLUSION: Betok fish oil has efficacy in reducing levels of ds-DNA autoantibodies in SLE rats by decreasing the inflammatory response through upregulation of Vitamin D in serum.
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D has a role in downregulating the proinflammatory cytokines as well as promoting the antiinflammatory pathway in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Seluang fish (Rasbora sp.) has potency as a new source of vitamin D. Previous study had proven Seluang fish oil efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, there are no trials that prove its efficacy in RA yet. Hence, this study was conducted to find out the ability of Seluang fish oil to improve proinflammatory cytokines, vitamin D levels, and disease activity in RA.METHODS: A clinical trial with a randomized and double-blind method was done in two groups, each one consisting of 17 RA subjects. One group was given 500 mL of a Seluang fish oil capsule (contains 665 IU cholecalciferol), while the other group was given a placebo daily, for 12 consecutive weeks. Measurements of the RA disease activity score 28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and DAS28 C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), as well as measurement of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and vitamin D levels by using immunoassay method were performed before and after the supplementation.RESULTS: Significant alterations in the lower levels of IL-17 were observed in the Seluang fish oil group (p=0.031), but not in the placebo group (p=0.320). Reduction of DAS28-ESR (p=0.000) and DAS28-CRP (p=0.000) score demonstrated that the Seluang fish oil supplementation was useful in reducing RA disease activity. No significant shift was observed in either vitamin D (p=0.967) or IL-6 levels (p=0.076) after Seluang Fish Oil supplementation.CONCLUSION: Seluang fish oil is effective in lowering IL-17 levels, DAS28-ESR, and DAS28-CRP, but not in improving vitamin D level or lowering IL-6 level in RA patients.KEYWORDS: rheumatoid arthritis, seluang fish oil, interleukin-6, interleukin-17, vitamin D, DAS28
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