To determine possible cosavirus association with clinical disease, we used real-time reverse transcription PCR to test children and HIV-positive adults in Brazil with and without gastroenteritis. Thirteen (3.6%) of 359 children with gastroenteritis tested positive, as did 69 (33.8%) of 204 controls. Low prevalence, frequent viral co-infections, and low fecal cosavirus RNA concentrations argue against human pathogenicity.
In this study, we sought to investigate the biology (diet and reproduction) and ethnobiology (fishers knowledge and fishing spots used to catch snappers) of five species of snappers (Lutjanidae), including Lutjanus analis, Lutjanus synagris, Lutjanus vivanus, Ocyurus chrysurus, and Romboplites saliens at five sites along the northeast (Riacho Doce, Maceió in Alagoas State, and Porto do Sauípe, Entre Rios at Bahia State) and the southeast (SE) Brazilian coast (Paraty and Rio de Janeiro cities at Rio de Janeiro State, and Bertioga, at São Paulo State.). We collected 288 snappers and interviewed 86 fishermen. The stomach contents of each fish were examined and macroscopic gonad analysis was performed. Snappers are very important for the fisheries of NE Brazil, and our results indicated that some populations, such as mutton snapper (L. analis) and lane snapper (L. synagris), are being caught when they are too young, at early juvenile stages. Local knowledge has been shown to be a powerful tool for determining appropriate policies regarding management of target species, and artisanal fishermen can be included in management processes. Other suggestions for managing the fisheries are discussed, including proposals that could provide motivation for artisanal fishermen to participate in programs to conserve resources, such as co-management approaches that utilize local knowledge, the establishment of fishing seasons, and compensation of fishermen, through 'payment for environmental services'. These suggestions may enhance the participation of local artisanal fishermen in moving to a more realistic and less top-down management approach of the fish population.
Globally there is a crisis due to the accelerated detriment of fishery resources, largely due to weak governance, lack of management and lack of knowledge. In Colombia, some management tools have been implemented to move towards co-management of fishery resources, highlighting the Exclusive Artisanal Fishing Zone (ZEPA) of the Colombian Pacific. The present research contributes to the knowledge of the state of the fishing resources and to the analysis of the management of the north zone of the Colombian Pacific, after the implementation of the ZEPA. It collects the fishery data of the area, registered by governmental institutions and NGOs, to analyze the interannual dynamics and compare the effects of the implementation of the ZEPA, in particular with indices such as landing by unit of effort, maximum sustainable yield and effort. Likewise, qualitative information was obtained, through four focus groups, with the participation of 27 fishers and 15 semi-structured interviews with researchers, in order to assess the state of the eight principles proposed by economist Elinor Ostrom for a successful co-management of the resources in the ZEPA. In addition, a catch quota from the MSY is proposed for each of the fishing gear and species of commercial importance, following the precautionary approach proposed by FAO. With the results, a vision of the state of the Ostrom principles was built, evidencing the willingness of fishermen to move towards collective management of resources, as well as the urgency of strengthening the monitoring of resources and rules and agreeing sanctions for Violators. This study highlights the strengths of the ZEPA in Colombia and presents the minimum factors required to strengthen and managed it effectively in the immediate future.
523Pesq. Vet. Bras. 30(7):523-528, julho 2010 RESUMO.-As lactonas macrocíclicas (LMs) (avermectinas e milbemicinas) são endectocidas amplamente utilizados em animais e em algumas parasitoses humanas. Em bovinos, a resistência parasitária às LMs é emergente, e o surgimento de formulações que diferem nas suas propriedades farmacológicas tornou complexa a escolha da droga mais indicada a cada caso. Com o objetivo de avaliar possí-veis alternativas para recuperar a eficácia de LMs sobre cepas resistentes de nematódeos gastrintestinais, testaram-se, neste estudo, dez diferentes tratamentos a base de LMs sobre uma população de nematódeos gastrintestinais de bovinos a qual, sabidamente, sofrera pressão de seleção por avermectinas a 1%. Adicionalmente, testou-se um benzimidazol. A eficácia das drogas foi calculada com base na redução de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) dos bovinos. A resistência de cada gênero foi avaliada por meio de identificação de larvas, obtidas de cultivos nas fezes, pré-e pós-tratamentos. Não se obteve a eficácia desejada com o emprego de avermectinas The macrocyclic lactones (MLs) (avermectins and milbemycins) are endectocides broadly used in livestock and in some parasitic diseases of humans. In cattle, parasite resistance to MLs is emerging, and the appearance of formulations that differ in their pharmacological properties become complex the choice of the most appropriate drug to each case. In order to evaluate possible alternatives to restore the effectiveness of MLs on resistant strains of gastrointestinal nematodes, were tested, in this study, ten different treatments based on the MLs on a population of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle which, known, was under pressure of selection by 1% avermectins. Additionally, was tested a benzimidazole. The efficacy of the drugs was calculated with basis on the reduction of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) of cattle. The resistance of each genus was evaluated by identification of the larvae, obtained from culture in the feces, pre-and post-treatments. The desired efficacy was not obtained using long action avermectins -with high concentration and in association -even with the application of high doses. The genera Cooperia spp., Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. were resistant to avermectins, and Ostertagia spp. to ivermectin. It was observed that, once established parasite resistance to the 1% MLs, the application of drugs, of this same chemical group, even in formulations of high concentration, association or in high doses, may not result in the expected efficacy.
Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa-ação realizada com crianças do 3o e 4o ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública. O objetivo da pesquisa-ação é auxiliar no desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional de crianças nessa faixa etária. Para isso, utilizou-se uma plataforma que faz uso de conceitos básicos da programação aplicados à diversos exercícios lúdicos e intuitivos em forma de jogo. No início do estudo, um exercício foi aplicado com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade cognitiva e de raciocínio dos alunos. Ao final do processo, pode-se observar uma evolução significativa em ambos os aspectos, evidenciando que a plataforma pode ser uma ferramenta útil no desenvolvimento cognitivo de crianças nesta faixa etária.
O Brasil ocupa um papel importante em diversos acordos e compromissos globais das agendas de conservação florestal e climática. A implementação desses acordos e o avanço dos debates em torno deles expõem a necessidade de desenvolvimento de arranjos de governança em diversas áreas, dentre elas a Restauração Florestal da Paisagem. Espera-se que a governança da Restauração Florestal da Paisagem produza resultados positivos no comprometimento de seus atores sociais, no desenvolvimento de instrumentos de gestão e no ganho de escala (upscale) dos projetos e programas nas diferentes paisagens e biomas do país. Nesse contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo traçar o estado de conhecimento dos modelos conceituais de governança da Restauração Florestal da Paisagem, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura acadêmica mundial, contribuindo para a organização de um arcabouço teórico-conceitual aplicado aos sistemas de governança da Restauração Florestal da Paisagem do Brasil, representados por projetos, programas e redes de trabalho. Os resultados mostram, por um lado, que há uma diversidade de modelos de governança colaborativa em desenvolvimento em algumas iniciativas brasileiras de Restauração Florestal da Paisagem, principalmente na Mata Atlântica e na Amazônia. Por outro lado, há ainda uma grande lacuna na produção de pesquisa com enfoque específico de análise da governança da Restauração Florestal da Paisagem, que contribua para a construção de redes de aprendizados e evolução dos modelos de governança em desenvolvimento no Brasil.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.