Struggles for inclusive development in small-scale fisheries in Paraty, Southeastern Coast of Brazil

Araujo, Luciana Gomes de; Castro, Fábio de; Freitas, Rodrigo Rodrigues de; Vieira, Marina Albuquerque Regina de Mattos; Seixas, Cristiana Simão

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.02.014

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Increased participation of marginalized groups such as informal fishers requires redefining how institutions operationalize participation. Formal mechanisms to increase the participation of marginalized groups are often obstructed by powerful groups that define the meaning of participation (Gomes de Araujo et al 2017). Effective marine management requires knowledge of the local context, including the decision-making processes of diverse actors and their individual abilities to adapt to change, as well as policies that take into account local ethics, values, and motivations (Bennett et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity among clam harvesters in northwest Mexico shapes individual adaptive capacity

Pellowe¹,

Leslie²

2019

E&S

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Temporal variability driven by environmental shifts, biological processes, and socioeconomic fluctuations is inherent in natural resource-based sectors, including fisheries. In navigating these changes as opportunities for transformation, individual decisions play a key role. Understanding individual adaptive capacity, i.e., the ability to cope under changing or novel circumstances, and considering how this capacity is affected by diverse individuals' interactions with formal fisheries policy may allow a better understanding of adaptive capacity in a rapidly changing world. In Loreto Bay National Park, Baja California Sur, Mexico, the Mexican chocolate clam is an important source of food and livelihoods and is harvested by a diverse group of fishers. Understanding the diversity of fishers, their decision-making processes, and their adaptive strategies is essential for both anticipating fishery outcomes and predicting the capacity of different types of fishers to adapt to environmental and economic change. We used semistructured interviews with clam harvesters to ask: (1) What types of fishers exist within the chocolate clam fishery? (2) How do they differ in their adaptive strategies? and (3) What are the implications of diverse fisher types on individual adaptive capacity? We find that fishers of chocolate clams in this region operate within both the formal and informal sectors, have varied fishing strategies, and can be characterized into four discrete types. We also find that heterogeneity among fishers affects their individual capacities to adapt to changing conditions and disturbances, and fisheries policy constrains fishers' access to options by limiting secure access to fishing rights. Maintaining a diverse suite of adaptive strategies is essential for individuals to cope in the face of future disturbance and change. Likewise, maintaining heterogeneity in the fishery, by ensuring that multiple fisher types are equipped to adapt to future change, will strengthen adaptive capacity within the fishery and community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity among clam harvesters in northwest Mexico shapes individual adaptive capacity

Pellowe¹,

Leslie²

2019

E&S

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“…Trindade's experience with research groups and technical experts has enabled a better positioning of the community in negotiations with protected areas (Bahia et al 2018;Chamy and Bahia 2019). The case of Trindade community also shows that a continuous and long-term documentation of environmental conflicts, their consequences for rural Use participatory research approaches by NGOs and universities Blomley (2003), Moeliono and Fisher (2003), Hodgson et al (2019) Have the Federal Public Ministry as a strategic partner Araujo et al (2017), Seixas et al (2017) Apply research results to negotiations in favor of communities Bahia et al (2018), Chamy and Bahia (2019) livelihoods and conflict management actions of protected areas contribute to adaptive management processes. This information and these experiences are important sources for capacity-building concerning traditional community rights in SBNP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No-take protected areas have a history of conflicts with local people. The conflicts concern restrictions on livelihood, access and use of space and natural resources, and power asymmetries in management decisions (Lele et al 2010 ; Vedeld et al 2012 ; Araujo et al 2017 ; Bavinck et al 2017 ). The implementation of parks still raises questions, such as those related to changes on local and public institutions caused by top-down implementation processes over territories inhabited by local people (Jones et al 2017 ; Schleicher 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disputed Territories in Southeastern Brazil: Effects of the Serra da Bocaina National Park on Nearby Coastal Communities

Freitas¹,

Araujo

2020

Environmental Management

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The establishment of national parks in Brazil has been made based on a history of conflicts with local populations living within the limits or buffer zones of protected areas. These conflicts begin with disputes over territorial ownership. They affect local livelihoods, access to and use of space and natural resources, and create power asymmetries. In response to these conflicts, the Federal Conservation Agency has put forward norms that guarantee inclusive arenas for local people to take part in negotiations with park managers. In this study, environmental conflicts caused by the implementation of parks overlapping local population territories are analyzed aiming to understand their role as mechanisms promoting institutional changes. We collected data from two communities that overlap the Serra da Bocaina National Park through interviews, workshops, and direct observations. For each community, we characterized conflicts involving the community and Park officers. We identified consequences to the community's livelihoods and analyzed their influence on institutional change. The results suggest that one community responded to conservation conflicts through actions towards negotiation and collaboration with the national park. The other community promoted changes in agricultural production methods and sought new markets as a strategy for staying in the territory. Conflicts are effective as a mechanism for institutional changes, as local actors articulate with autonomous organizations at different levels. We highlight the importance of a continuous documentation on conflicts and their consequences to rural livelihoods in both communities and conflict management actions taken by the Park in the long term. Keywords Environmental conflicts • Institutional change • Rural livelihoods • Protected area Highlights • Conflicts are mechanisms that can promote institutional change. • Disputed parks and communities territories can stimulate arenas for negotiation. • Conflict outcomes in no-take protected areas can strengthen community empowerment. • Multiple scale networks and community empowerment facilitate institutional changes. • Documentation of environmental conflicts contributes to an adaptive management process.

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“…This risk of elite capture appears to be independent from the source of the benefits to be accessed and allocated, including traditional nature conservation projects (see e.g. Lammers et al 2017;Schroeder 2008); wildlife management (Moyo et al 2017); protected areas (Clifton 2013;de Araujo et al 2017;Horton 2009) and payment for ecosystem services (PES). On the latter, Hendrickson and Corbera (2015) find that political inequalities are so deeply engrained in most Mesoamerican societies that PES schemes are likely to reinforce the existing power structures and deepen existing inequalities in both decisionmaking and in gaining access to resources.…”

Section: The Failed Promise Of Benefit-sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access and allocation in global biodiversity governance: a review

Coolsaet

Dawson

Rabitz³

et al. 2020

Int Environ Agreements

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Access and allocation is one of the five analytical themes of the science plan of the Earth System Governance (ESG) project. Concerns over access and allocation are at the core of struggles and conflicts brought about by the often ineluctable trade-offs related to biodiversity conservation and the global, national and local governance systems that aim to contribute to global biodiversity conservation. Access and benefit-sharing mechanisms, integrated conservation and development projects, payments for ecosystem services or community conservation programmes have all tried balancing environmental objectives with concerns for the allocation of natural resources and associated rights within society, and for access to basic human needs. As a contribution to this special issue on access and allocation, this paper aims to contribute to the analysis of the relevance of questions of access and allocation to ESG by providing an in-depth review of the literature on access and allocation in biodiversity conservation at different scales. We describe how the concepts of access and allocation have been used and conceptualized in the literature produced between 2008 and 2018, and we discuss the two key issues which dominate the literature (1) benefit-sharing; and (2) the role of local institutions. By drawing on the trends and evidence from the literature, we consider the lessons for the next generation of ESG scholars and draw out some key policy implications to be included in the debates on the post-2020 strategic plan for biodiversity.

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Struggles for inclusive development in small-scale fisheries in Paraty, Southeastern Coast of Brazil

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Heterogeneity among clam harvesters in northwest Mexico shapes individual adaptive capacity

Heterogeneity among clam harvesters in northwest Mexico shapes individual adaptive capacity

Disputed Territories in Southeastern Brazil: Effects of the Serra da Bocaina National Park on Nearby Coastal Communities

Access and allocation in global biodiversity governance: a review

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