The clinic usage of cisplatin, an anticancer drug, is limited due to it has many side effects in many systems and organs. In this context, it was aimed to investigate the protective effect of hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid, on testicular and spermatological damages induced by cisplatin in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group was kept as a control. In the second groups, cisplatin was given at the single dose of 7 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneally. In the third group, hesperidin was orally administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg day(-1) for 14 days. In the fourth group, cisplatin and hesperidin were given together at the same doses. Cisplatin treatment caused significant reductions enzymatic (SOD, CAT and GPx) and nonenzymatic (GSH) antioxidants and significant induction level of TBARS. In addition, cisplatin treatment caused decreased sperm motility, epididymal sperm concentration, increased abnormal sperm rate and histopathological damage. In contrast, hesperidin treatment significantly attenuated the harmful effects. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated that hesperidin has protective effects on cisplatin-induced reproductive system toxicity depending on its antioxidant properties. Thus, it is thought that hesperidin may be useful against cisplatin toxicity in patients with cancer in terms of reproductive system.

In the present study, the beneficial effect of hesperidin (HP), a citrus flavonoid, on cisplatin (CP)-induced neurotoxicity was investigated. A total of 28 rats were equally divided into four groups; the first group was kept as control. In the second and third groups, CP and HP were given at the doses of 7 and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively. In the fourth group, CP and HP were given together at the same doses. The results indicated that although CP caused significant induction of lipid peroxidations and reduction in the antioxidant defense system potency in the brain and sciatic nerve, HP prevented these effects of CP. Besides, CP led to histopathological damage, mainly apoptosis, as well as electromyographical (EMG) changes in sciatic nerve. On the other hand, HP treatment reversed histopathological and EMG effects of CP. In conclusion, CP had severe dose-limiting neurotoxic effects and these effects of CP can be prevented by HP treatment. Thus, it appears that coadministration of HP with CP may be a useful approach to attenuate the negative effects of CP on the nervous system.

The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of the fish oil (FO) supplementation on oxidative stress, sperm characteristics and histological alterations in the male reproductive system of rats against cisplatin (CP) toxicity. The rats were divided randomly into 4 equal groups (control, FO, CP and FO + CP). FO was orally administered at the dose of 1 softgel per rat per day for 14 days and CP was intraperitoneally given at the dose of 7 mg kg(-1) with a single injection. In CP + FO group, they were applicated at the same doses and times. The results showed that CP caused a significant oxidative damage via induction of lipid peroxidation and reduction in the antioxidant defence system potency in the testis tissue. In addition, sperm motility and sperm concentration significantly decreased but the abnormal sperm rate and histopathological testicular damage increased with CP treatment. On the other hand, FO treatment prevented oxidative, histopathological and spermatological effects of CP and reversed side effects of CP. In conclusion, FO supplementation had significant beneficial effects against CP toxicity on male reproductive system and toxic effects of CP can be prevented by FO treatment. Therefore, it appears that fish oil may be useful for the prevention and treatment of cisplatin-induced reproductive system toxicity.

Cisplatin has severe neurotoxic effects in rats and βg supplementation has significant beneficial effects against CP toxicity depending on its antioxidant properties. Thus, it appears that βg might be useful against CP toxicity in patients with cancer in terms of nervous system.

Hesperetin treatment leads to a decrease in oxidative stress, and associated histological damage. The findings of the current study suggest that HP has a protective effect against CP-induced cardiotoxicity.

CP has severe central and peripheral neurotoxic effects in rats and these effects were largely prevented by FO treatment. Thus, it appears that co-administration of FO with CP may be a useful approach to attenuate the negative effects of CP on the nervous system.

Özetleme, bireylerin dinledikleri veya okudukları metinleri anlamaları ve anlatmaları açısından oldukça önemli bir beceridir. Nitekim özetleme, kaynak metni anlamlandırma sırasında kullanılabilen bir strateji olabileceği gibi dinleme veya okuma sonrasında anlama göstergesi olarak kullanılabilecek bir beceri olarak da değerlendirilebilir. Bu nedenle dinleme/okuma sonrası gerçekleştirilen özetleme, anlamlandırmanın en büyük göstergelerinden biridir. Dolayısıyla, Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen bireylerin de anlama ve anlatma becerilerinin gelişimi açısından özetleme oldukça önemli bir etkinliktir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminin sağlıklı bir şekilde yürütülmesi amacıyla ders materyali olarak kullanılan yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi ders kitaplarındaki özetleme etkinliklerini incelemektir. Çalışmanın inceleme nesnesi olarak Gazi Yabancılar İçin Türkçe C1 ve Hitit 3 Ders Kitabı adlı kitaplar belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında veriler nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi ile elde edilmiş, betimsel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre her iki ders kitabında da özetlemenin alt basamaklarından olan silme, genelleme ve yeniden kurma işlemlerine yönelik etkinlikler yer almamaktadır. Bunun yanında metin sonrasında yer alan özetleme etkinliklerinde öğrencilerden doğrudan performans istendiği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

No abstract