This study evaluated the use of hydrolysed rubber seed meal as a locally grown alternative feed ingredient to reduce the use of fishmeal within formulated feeds for tilapia. Five experimental diets were prepared by formulating different inclusion levels of hydrolysed rubber seed meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of plant‐based protein contribution). Dried and defatted rubber seed meal was hydrolysed by adding rumen digesta liquid to the ingredient. For digestibility measurement, chromic oxide was added to each diet as an inert marker. The digestibility trial was conducted over a 14‐day period by collecting faecal matter from the rearing tanks. In addition, a growth trial was conducted over a period of 50 days using four replicates per dietary treatment. In both experiments, all fish were fed three times daily to apparent satiation. At the end of growth trial, the inclusion level of hydrolysed rubber seed meal up to 50% of plant‐based protein contribution did not give any significant difference compared to the control diet in terms of feed efficiency, specific growth rate and protein retention parameters. In the digestibility study, fish fed diets containing hydrolysed rubber seed meal up to a 50% of plant‐based protein inclusion level did not give any significant difference compared to the control diet in terms of protein and dry matter apparent digestibility. Based on the result of this growth and digestibility study, up to a 50% of plant‐based protein contribution of hydrolysed rubber seed meal can be used within formulated tilapia feeds without any adverse effect.

This study used Lemna as phytoremediator plant in red tilapia culture system and given as feed additive among treatments. The purpose of this study was to measure the production performance (quantity and quality) and physiological response of red tilapia. Study was conducted with two treatments: TL (without lemna) and L (with lemna) treatment. The results showed that L treatment gave the best result based on better feed convertion ratio. However there are no significant difference found in organoleptic test, growth performance, and blood cholersterol parameters. In addition, optimum water quality media that stimulated by lemna, can create a comfortable environmental conditions for red tilapia.

This experiment was conducted in order to have comparative description about the growth of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) fed by artificial diets compare to the trash fish in cage culture system. The protein level of the artificial diet was 42.5%, and the trash fish was 51-70%. Fish fed on the experimental diet twice a day, at satiation, for 60 days. Result showed that the growth rate of fish fed on the artificial diet are slightly lower (6.37% and 8.38%) than that of trash fish (11.11% and 10.18%). Though the growth levels are lower, the feed conversion ratio (3.55 and 3.13) showed a better value than that of fish fed on trash fish (4.81 and 5.83). The use of artificial feed is also more economical than trash fish feed based on cost of the feed. With that fact we can conclude that artificial feed can equalize or even substitute the trash fish feed for Humpback grouper rearing in cage culture system. Keywords: artificial diets, cage culture, humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan ikan kerapu bebek (Cromileptes altivelis) antara yang diberi pakan buatan dan ikan rucah, yang dipelihara pada keramba jaring apung. Kadar protein pakan buatan adalah 42,5%, dan ikan rucah adalah 51-70%. Ikan diberi pakan 2 kali sehari, secara satiasi, selama 60 hari pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan ikan yang diberi pakan buatan lebih rendah (6,37% dan 8,38%) dibandingkan dengan yang diberi ikan rucah (11,11% dan 10,18%). Meskipun laju pertumbuhan lebih rendah, konversi pakannya (3,55 dan 3,13) lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ikan yang diberi pakan berupa ikan rucah (4,81 dan 5,83). Berdasarkan biaya untuk pakan, penggunaan pakan buatan lebih ekonomis dibandingkan ikan rucah. Dengan demikian, pakan buatan dapat menggantikan ikan rucah dalam pemeliharaan ikan kerapu bebek di keramba jaring apung.Kata kunci: pakan buatan, keramba jaring apung, ikan kerapu bebek, Cromileptes altivelis PENDAHULUAN Latar BelakangKerapu bebek (Cromileptes alitivelis) dengan harga per kilogramnya mencapai 45-48 USD merupakan komoditas ikan laut yang memiliki harga yang cukup tinggi di pasaran. Beberapa hal yang menyebabkan mahalnya harga ikan kerapu adalah: (1) ikan kerapu bebek merupakan ikan yang dilindungi, sehingga ikan kerapu yang dijual merupakan ikan kerapu yang sudah dibudidayakan, (2 ) tingkat sintasan ikan kerapu yang rendah merupakan faktor pembatas pada budidaya ikan kerapu, (3) pemeliharan sampai ukuran konsumsi cukup lama, sehingga menyebabkan siklus panen yang panjang.Pakan yang digunakan untuk budidaya ikan kerapu ada dua jenis pakan yaitu pakan segar berupa ikan rucah dan/atau pakan buatan berupa pelet. Namun biasanya pakan rucah lebih sering digunakan oleh petani. Pemberian pakan rucah tersebut biasanya memberikan permasalahan tersendiri khususnya apabila pembesaran

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ABSTRACT   Clarias gariepinus rearing is mostly done with intensive systems that use a lot of commercial feed. The price of raw material for the feed lipid source which is currently the main source of fatty acids in freshwater fish feed continues to increase and compete with human needs. Rubber seed oil (RSO) is considered feasible to be an alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the use of heated RSO as alternative lipid source in C gariepinus feed. The results of this study indicated that heating could reduce HCN levels in RSO by 95%. Even after heated RSO was inserted into the feed formulation there is still HCN in feed, however it did not affect the survival rate of C. gariepinus statistically. Heated RSO based feed shows a specific growth rate that was higher than non-heating RSO-based feed. Feeding with heated RSO also did not affect nutrient retention in C. gariepinus. This also followed by blood profile, blood chemistry and body fatty acids profile, MDA levels and SOD levels which were almost same as treatment feed using fish oil and corn oil. From these results, it can be concluded that heating can reduce 95% HCN content in RSO and can be used as a lipid source in C. gariepinus feed.   Keywords: Aquaculture, essential fatty acids, growth performance, HCN, rubber seed oil.   ABSTRAK   Budidaya ikan lele Clarias gariepinus  dengan sistem intensif menggunakan banyak pakan buatan. Harga bahan baku untuk sumber lemak pakan terus meningkat dan bersaing dengan kebutuhan manusia. Minyak biji karet (MBK) layak menjadi alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan MBK yang dipanaskan sebagai sumber lemak alternatif dalam pakan ikan lele. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses pemanasan dapat mengurangi kadar HCN pada MBK hingga 95%. Walaupun masih terdapat sejumlah kecil HCN pada pakan berbasis MBK yang dipanaskan, tetapi tidak memengaruhi tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan lele (p>0,05). Pakan berbasis MBK proses pemanasan menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik yang lebih tinggi dari pakan berbasis MBK yang tidak dipanaskan. Pemberian pakan berbasis MBK proses pemanasan juga tidak memengaruhi retensi nutrisi ikan lele. Demikian pula parameter profil darah, kimia darah, profil asam lemak tubuh, kadar MDA dan kadar SOD hampir sama dengan pakan perlakuan berbasis minyak ikan dan minyak jagung. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan MBK proses pemanasan dapat mengurangi 95% kandungan HCN dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber lemak dalam pakan ikan lele.   Kata kunci: Akuakultur, asam lemak esensial, HCN, kinerja pertumbuhan, minyak biji karet.

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Supplemental enzyme in artificial diets with difference doses for African catfish Clarias gariepinus (initial weight of 0.0048±0.0001 g and total length 0.7633±0.0392 cm) were examined for 12 days feeding trial. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness supplemental enzymes in diets for growth performance of catfish larvae. Tubifex sp. (control) and a multi enzyme was included at the level of 0.00 (ME0), 1.00 (ME1) and 2.00 g kg-1 (ME2 diet as a test diets. Each of the four experimental diets was randomly assigned to four plicate groups. Larva was allocated into 150 L aquaria at a density of 1350 larvae per aquarium. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20, followed by Duncan’s test. The result showed that the survival rate and condition factors were no statistical difference between experimental diets and control group. The highest final length, final weight, total food consumption, villi length and enzymes activity  were recorded in the Control (P<0.05) and significantly different with other treatments. Feed efficiency’s control significantly different with other. Harvest size distribution, in the small size group (1-2 cm) did not show significantly different, in the medium size group (2-3 cm) and large size group (3-5 cm) the Tubifex sp. treatment were significantly different from the other treatments (P<0.05) whereas between ME0, ME1 and ME2 treatments were not significantly different. Among the supplemental enzyme in test diets, ME2 can improve weight and total length 6.25% and 13.4%, respectively than ME0 treatment. The results suggested that enzyme supplementation can improve intestinal structure and growth performance of catfish larvae. The supplemental enzyme in diets with doses up to 2 g kg-1 can increase intestinal villi’s length but have not been able to increase fish growth performance as use worm.

The most popular livestock business is broiler chicken farming because it has a high demand. Bogor City is one of the broiler chicken meat production centres in West Java. This study aims to (1) conduct a feasibility analysis of the business of broiler chicken farming from the financial aspect (2) identify problems in broiler farming using SWOT Analysis (3) business continuity strategy. This research was conducted from June to July 2019 using primary and secondary data. The analysis used is qualitative and quantitative analysis, where the qualitative analysis is done descriptively describing the business system and non-financial aspects as well as the quantitative analysis used, namely the financial feasibility analysis. Based on the results of the SWOT matrix analysis SGF88 broiler chicken farms are in the Quadrant IV position, wherein that position the recommended strategy is to rescue as soon as possible so as not to cause even greater losses. The financial aspects of the SGF88 broiler chicken farming business are not feasible to proceed, because seen from the R / C ratio of minus 0.02, Net B / C of 0.98, and PP of minus 52.24 periods. The results of switching value analysis show that broiler chicken farming is very sensitive to a decrease in feed prices by 1% compared to the sensitivity of an increase in selling prices by 18%.