ABSTRAKPengembangan budidaya laut berbasis IMTA (Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture) merupakan suatu metode yang dirancang untuk mengatasi masalah lingkungan yang terkait dengan penggunaan pakan pada kegiatan akuakultur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat penyerapan nitrogen dan fosfor pada budidaya rumput laut berbasis IMTA di Teluk Gerupuk Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Rumput laut jenis Kappaphycus alvarezii dan Eucheuma spinosum dibudidayakan dengan metode rawai (long line). Pengamatan terhadap rumput laut dan kondisi perairan dilakukan setiap 15 hari; mulai hari ke-0 sampai hari ke-45. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan tingkat penyerapan nitrogen dan fosfor antara dua jenis rumput laut yang dibudidayakan. Total penyerapan nitrogen rumput laut K. alvarezii di lokasi IMTA mencapai 86,95 ton N/ha/tahun atau lebih tinggi 24,6% dibandingkan dengan E. spinosum yang mencapai 69,78 ton N/ha/tahun. Sedangkan untuk tingkat penyerapan fosfor, K. alvarezii mencapai 20,56 ton P/ha/tahun atau lebih tinggi 136,7% dibandingkan dengan E. spinosum yang hanya mencapai 8,69 ton P/ha/tahun. Berdasarkan luasan kawasan potensial budidaya rumput laut di Teluk Gerupuk, maka potensi penyerapan nitrogen dan fosfor untuk rumput laut K. alvarezii di kawasan ini masing-masing mencapai 27.996,93 ton N/tahun dan 6.619,16 ton P/tahun. Sedangkan untuk E. spinosum potensi penyerapan nitrogen dan fosfor masing-masing mencapai 22.470,02 ton N/tahun dan 2.796,82 ton P/tahun. Penerapan budidaya rumput laut berbasis IMTA secara jelas memberikan keuntungan ekonomi dan ekologi dengan adanya peningkatan biomassa dan perbaikan kondisi lingkungan budidaya.
Abstract-High tributyltin concentrations (2.5ϳ52.5 times those in muscle) were detected in the blood of three cultured fish species (Japanese flounder, red sea bream, yellowtail) and wild flatfish. The result suggests that fish serum or plasma can be used for monitoring butyltin contamination in aquatic biota.
Abstract-Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were fed daily on one of four diets containing tributyltin (TBT), PCBs, a combination of TBT and PCBs, or a control diet (with nothing added). Contaminant doses were 1 g/g body weight per day for 3 weeks. The combination of TBT and PCB showed additive effects on the spawning of medaka, resulting in a significant reduction in spawning frequency, and on the number of spawned eggs and fertilization success when compared with effects in fish fed either a TBT or PCB diet. The adverse effects on the reproductive success of medaka may have been due to endocrine disruption caused by accumulation of both TBT and PCB. The TBT treatment significantly reduced embryo and larval survival from eggs (279 ng TBT/g), which were spawned from females containing 2,390 ng TBT/g body weight from the TBT diet. This result indicates transgenerational toxicity. The PCB diet caused fewer adverse effects than the TBT diet with respect to spawning frequency, egg survival, hatching, and swim-up success of larvae. When both TBT and PCB were in the diet, there were additive effects on spawning success as noted above but antagonistic effects on embryological success of eggs and swim-up success of larvae.
Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were fed daily on one of four diets containing tributyltin (TBT), PCBs, a combination of TBT and PCBs, or a control diet (with nothing added). Contaminant doses were 1 g/g body weight per day for 3 weeks. The combination of TBT and PCB showed additive effects on the spawning of medaka, resulting in a significant reduction in spawning frequency, and on the number of spawned eggs and fertilization success when compared with effects in fish fed either a TBT or PCB diet. The adverse effects on the reproductive success of medaka may have been due to endocrine disruption caused by accumulation of both TBT and PCB. The TBT treatment significantly reduced embryo and larval survival from eggs (279 ng TBT/g), which were spawned from females containing 2,390 ng TBT/g body weight from the TBT diet. This result indicates transgenerational toxicity. The PCB diet caused fewer adverse effects than the TBT diet with respect to spawning frequency, egg survival, hatching, and swim-up success of larvae. When both TBT and PCB were in the diet, there were additive effects on spawning success as noted above but antagonistic effects on embryological success of eggs and swim-up success of larvae.
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