The experimental diets containing five levels of creatine supplementation, namely control (N = 0 g/kg creatine), B1 (1.00 g/kg glycine), B2 (0.40 g/kg creatine), B3 (0.80 g/kg creatine) and B4 (1.20 g/kg creatine) were tested to red tilapia up to apparent satiation 3 times a day for 56 days. After the feeding trial, fish were stressed by air exposure for challenge test against stress. The results described that creatine supplementation improved final body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein retention. Creatine supplementation decreased blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p < .05), indicating more effective usage of non‐protein energy. Furthermore, creatine supplementation also increased plasma insulin levels and upregulated IGF‐1 and GLUT4 gene expressions in the liver significantly; it also improved robustness against stress, which was shown by higher superoxide dismutase, higher postchallenge survival and plasma cortisol, malondialdehyde and lower glucose levels. In conclusion, creatine supplementation at a dose of 0.289–0.389 g/kg diet escalated fish growth and improved robustness against stress via improving the SOD activity in red tilapia.

<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cinnamon <em>Cinnamomum burmannii</em> leaves extract addition with different doses in diet for the lipid muscle content of catfish <em>Pangsianodon hypophthalmus</em>. The cinnamon leaves extract was mixed in to the diet with five doses i.e: 0 (control); 0.5; 1; 2; and 4 g/kg diet. Catfish (7.43±0.01 g) were reared in 15 aquariums (160 L volume) with density of 30 fishes in each aquarium for 60 days. Fish were fed until apparent satiation three times daily at 08.00, 12.00, 16.00 WIB. The addition of cinnamon leaves extract at 1 g/kg of diet showed the optimal dose because it could lower flesh fat content, cholesterol, and triglycerides of catfish.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: <em>Pangasianodon hypopthalmus</em>,<em> Cinnamomum burmannii</em>, fat, flesh</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun kayu manis Cinnamomum burmannii dengan dosis berbeda pada pakan terhadap kandungan lemak daging ikan patin Pangsianodon hypopthalmus. Ekstrak daun kayu manis dicampurkan ke dalam pakan dengan lima dosis yaitu: 0 (kontrol); 0,5; 1; 2; dan 4 g/kg pakan. Ikan patin (7,43±0,01 g) dipelihara dalam 15 akuarium (volume 160 L) dengan kepadatan 30 ekor/akurium selama 60 hari. Ikan diberi pakan secara <em>at satiation</em> sebanyak tiga kali sehari pada pukul 08.00, 12.00, dan 16.00 WIB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun kayu manis sebanyak 1 g/kg pakan memberikan hasil yang optimal karena dapat menurunkan kandungan lemak daging, kolesterol, dan trigliserida ikan patin.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Kata kunci: <em>Pangasianodon hypopthalmus</em>,<em> Cinnamomum burmannii</em>,<em> </em>lemak, daging</p><p> </p>

This study evaluated the use of hydrolysed rubber seed meal as a locally grown alternative feed ingredient to reduce the use of fishmeal within formulated feeds for tilapia. Five experimental diets were prepared by formulating different inclusion levels of hydrolysed rubber seed meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of plant‐based protein contribution). Dried and defatted rubber seed meal was hydrolysed by adding rumen digesta liquid to the ingredient. For digestibility measurement, chromic oxide was added to each diet as an inert marker. The digestibility trial was conducted over a 14‐day period by collecting faecal matter from the rearing tanks. In addition, a growth trial was conducted over a period of 50 days using four replicates per dietary treatment. In both experiments, all fish were fed three times daily to apparent satiation. At the end of growth trial, the inclusion level of hydrolysed rubber seed meal up to 50% of plant‐based protein contribution did not give any significant difference compared to the control diet in terms of feed efficiency, specific growth rate and protein retention parameters. In the digestibility study, fish fed diets containing hydrolysed rubber seed meal up to a 50% of plant‐based protein inclusion level did not give any significant difference compared to the control diet in terms of protein and dry matter apparent digestibility. Based on the result of this growth and digestibility study, up to a 50% of plant‐based protein contribution of hydrolysed rubber seed meal can be used within formulated tilapia feeds without any adverse effect.

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This study was conducted to evaluate bioefficacy of dietary chromium picolinate and chromium yeast on growth performance and blood biochemical in red tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus). Seven isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental feeds were prepared (approximately 29% and 3,900 kcal/kg). These diets were supplemented with different sources and levels of dietary chromium: 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg of Cr picolinate and 2 and 4 mg/kg of Cr yeast and one control group, all groups were arranged triplicate. After a 60-day feeding experiment, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and feed utilization were observed. Blood biochemistry consisted of serum total protein, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured.Chromium distribution in several organs and glucose tolerant test were measured.The result shows that CrPic of 1 mg/kg and CrYst of 2 mg/kg produced the best SGR (2.91 AE 0.03% and 2.91 AE 0.04%), improved insulin sensitivity (7.30 AE 2.96 and 1.70 AE 0.78 lIU/ml) and increased glucose utilization. CrYst supplementation of 2 mg/kg feed resulted in the highest FER (0.79 AE 0.01) and the lowest triglycerides (126.24 AE 12.36 mg/dl). In conclusion, dietary chromium picolinate at 1 mg/ kg or chromium yeast at 2 mg/kg significantly improved bioefficacy on growth performance and blood biochemicals in red tilapia.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the growth performance of Nile tilapia immersed in 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and recombinant giant grouper growth hormone (rElGH), and fed a rElGH-enriched diet. A total of 200 tilapia larvae aged 10 days and 14 days post hatching was immersed in 1 liter of 30 g/L saline water for 3 minutes, then in freshwater containing either MT, MT+rElGH, or rElGH for 4 hours. The MT dose was 2.0 mg/L and rElGH was 2.5 mg/L. As control was treatment without MT and rElGH. Fish were maintained in 250-L aquariums for 6 weeks and then moved to net cages for 8 weeks of rearing. The rElGH-enriched diet was fed to the 6-week-old fish for a month, and then fed a non-enriched diet. Each treatment was triplicates. The result showed that the daily growth rate (DGR), biomass gain (BM), survival (SR) and feed (artemia nauplii) consumption during maintenance in the aquariums in the rElGH and MT+rElGH treatments were higher (P<0.05) than in the control. The higher DGR and BM at net cage rearing and lower feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) were also found in MT and MT+rElGH treatments. None of the treatments showed any difference in survival (P>0.05). Profits estimation in the MT and MT+rElGH treatments were 63.38% and 57.91% higher than the control. The present study concluded that higher Nile tilapia farming performance could be obtanied by MT immersion in the larval phase and feeding juvenile on the rElGH-enriched diet.

No abstract

<p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">The experiment was conducted to evaluate the level of organic selenium in the diet on the growth performance of red tilapia <em>Oreochromis</em> sp. Four levels of organic selenium namely 0, 1, 2, and 4 g Se/kg diet were used as a treatment, and the selenium content on the diets are 0.12, 0.19, 1.05, and 1.42 mg Se/kg respectively. This experiment were used randomized design with four treatments and two replications. All the diet was formulated to have similar protein and energy. Juvenile red tilapia with average body weight of 9.49±0.94 g were reared in the 80×40×40 cm³ aquarium with density of 10 fish/aquarium. Fish were reared for 40 days and feed four times daily at satiation levels. The result of this study showed that fish fed diet containing 4 g organic Se/kg diet (1,42 mg Se/kg) had the best growth performance.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: organic selenium, growth, red tilapia</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis selenium organik pada pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila merah <em>Oreochromis</em> sp. Empat macam dosis selenium organik yang digunakan adalah 0, 1, 2, dan 4 g Se/kg pakan. Kandungan selenium pada setiap pakan berturut-turut adalah 0,12; 0,19; 1,05; dan 1,42 mg Se/kg pakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak dengan empat perlakuan dan dua ulangan. Semua pakan diformulasikan memiliki protein dan energi yang sama. Ikan yang digunakan adalah juvenil nila merah dengan bobot rata-rata 9,49±0,95 g yang dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 80×40×40 cm³ dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/akuarium. Ikan tersebut dipelihara selama 40 hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan empat kali sehari secara <em>at satiation</em>. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang diberi pakan yang mengandung 4 g Se organik/kg pakan (1,42 mg Se/kg) memperlihatkan kinerja pertumbuhan terbaik.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: selenium organik, pertumbuhan, nila merah</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p>