Bifidobacteria belongs to the so-called beneficial intestinal flora. Before attempting to raise their intestinal levels to improve the health status of the host, it is importance to know about physiological variations in the Bifidobacterial colonization of the human intestine. Birth process influenced the diversity of Bifidobacteria in infant feces. This research was intended to isolate and characterize Bifidobacterium spp. as well to evaluate their presence in the feces of infants who were born by mode of normal, caesarean and premature. The research was conducted by survey method and data were analyzed with descriptive analysis. Bifidobacterium character was observed include colony and cell morphology. The biochemical test included catalase, oxidase, indole, Voges-Proskauer, different pH growth, and resistance to lysozyme. Bifidobacterium metabolites obtained tested its bacterial activity to Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. The result of this research showed that 35 isolates are suspected Bifidobacterium group and after API 20 A test showed 17 isolates are rally genera of Bifidobacterium spp.and all isolates come from infant feces with caesar and premature delivery. These isolates inhibited the growth of S. typhimurium and E. coli with different inhibitory capabilities. This finding is very important for science and medical point of view and could be developed with further research.

Isolation of actinomycetes has been done from mangrove soil sample of Segara Anakan Cilacap. This research aimed to know the potency of actinomycetes as an antifungal producer, and to measure antifungal activity produced by actinomycetes based on diameter zone inhibition and to know the characteristic of the bioactive compound with Thin Layer Chromatography method. The result of the study has been isolated 24 actinomycetes isolates, 15 of them had potential as an antifungal producer, which inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. Period of fermentation significantly affected to the activity of the antifungal compound. The highest inhibitory zone was formed by an antifungal extract from actinomycetes C with a range zone 19.7 mm in length at 14th days fermentation, which was extracted with ethyl acetate solvent (1: 1 v / v). The characteristic of a bioactive compound of the actinomycetes C ha s a Rf value 0.5 in the solvent n-butanol, acetic acid and water (3: 2: 1 v / v / v).

Abstract. Kusharyati DF, Pramono H, Ryandini D, Manshur TA, Dewi MA, Khatimah K, Rovik A. 2020. Bifidobacterium from infant stool: the diversity and potential screening. Biodiversitas 21: 2506-2513. Bifidobacteria spp. are a group of Lactic Acid Bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of adults and infants. LAB are known as probiotics and have many health benefits. This research aimed to isolate Bifidobacteria from infant stool, identify, explore their diversity, and screen their potential as probiotics. Stool samples were collected from 3 healthy infants in Banyumas Regency. The potential screening included lysozyme resistance, antimicrobial activity, and exopolysaccharide production. A total of 7 Bifidobacterium species were isolated from infant stool: B. catenulatum, B. minimum, B. indicum, B. dentium, B. asteroides, B. galicum, and B. coerinum. B. indicum isolates (Bb3F and Bb1B) had the greatest inhibition activity against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans with 10.80 and 9.70 mm, respectively. Bifidobacteria isolates were resistant to lysozyme from egg whites up to 200 µg.mL-1. B. catenulatum Bb1A isolate had the highest yield of exopolysaccharide production with 74 mg.L-1. Among them, three Bifidobacterium strains (Bb1B, Bb2A, and Bb2E) were considered potentially as probiotics.

Actinomycetes SAE4034 isolates was isolated from Rhizophora apiculata rhizosphere mud showed some antibacterial properties. The antibacterial ability of this isolate has not been tested on antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens. However, there was no research has been reported regarding actinomycetes from Segara Anakan mangrove area resulting compounds inhibit the growth of antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is important to investigate its capability against antibiotics resistant bacteria or multi drug resistant bacteria (MDR bacteria). The research aimed to know the ability of actinomycetes SAE4034 in inhibit MDR bacteria and to identify the species profiles. The research methods included isolate characterization involving morphology, physiology/enzymatic and molecular properties. MDR bacterial inhibition assay, antibacterial compound extraction and antibacterial compound test using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, observation of morphological and biochemical properties, DNA isolation, amplification and analysis of 16SrRNA sequence, and phylogeny tree analysis. The methods of this study included MDR anti-bacterial assay and antibacterial compound test. Subsequent step was isolate characterization including observation of morphological and physiological / enzymatic properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequence. The results showed that culture extract was able to inhibit the growth of MDR bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp., but no inhibition to Enterobacter cloacae. The bioactive compound showed 4 spots with Rf values of 0.36; 0.45; 0.54; and 0.6. Based on morphology, physiology / enzymatic and 16S rRNA gene sequences characteristics, actinomycetes SAE4034 isolate is Streptomyces sp. This research showed new Streptomyces strain that serves as a source of MDR antibacterial compounds and useful in development of antibiotic for combating infectious diseases caused by MDR bacteria

Abstract. Pramono H, Mariana A, Ryandini D, Sudiana E. 2021. Short Communication: Diversity of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from coastal mangrove sediment in Logending Beach, Kebumen, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1869-1878. Bacteria from mangrove sediments have the potential to produce active enzymes and metabolites needed in the industry.  Mangrove ecosystems in various parts of Indonesia have been explored as sources of bacteria. However, the mangrove ecosystems in  Logending Beach, Kebumen District, Indonesia are still unexplored. This study aims to determine the diversity of cellulolytic bacteria using the 16S rRNA gene. Ninety-nine bacteria were isolated from Logending coastal mangrove sediments. Most of them (87.87%) had a cellulolytic activity, with the cellulolytic index values ranged from 0.25–13.96. The LG2 isolate had the highest cellulolytic activity (13.96). Molecular characterization of the LG2 isolate based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that it was similar to the Fictibacillus nanhaiensis strain JSM 082006. This result is new information on cellulolytic bacteria and might be used as a future source of cellulolytic enzymes.

No abstract

No abstract

A B S T R A C TThis research was conducted to obtain Streptomyces isolates from Avicennia marina rhizosphere capable of inhibiting E. coli and S. aureus growth, to investigate the capability and the characteristics of its antibacterial compound. This study completed the isolation by applying pour plate method on SCN agar medium. Antagonistic screening and selection processes were carried out by diffusion and dilution methods. Observation on the characteristic of the antibacterial compound applied was TLC method and MIC assay. This research confirmed the antibacterial compound capability by applying bioautography assay. Parameters measured consisted of inhibition zone diameter, Rf value on a bioautography plate, and the lowest concentration capable of inhibiting bacterial growth. Out of 16 isolates of Streptomyces obtained, Streptomyces 404 showed higher antagonistic activity than others. Inhibition zone diameter reached 20-25 mm in E. coli and S. aureus growth, respectively. TLC assay showed three spots in which two of them confirmed antibacterial activity in the bioautography assay that yielded Rf values of 0.47 for E. coli and 0.72 for S. aureus, while MIC assay showed that the lowest extract concentration inhibited bacterial growth was 20%.