Kappaphycus alvarezii which is widely cultivated at sea is susceptible to other algae that drift away and attach as epiphyte. This study aims to identify epiphyte on seaweed farming K. alvarezii and its effect on carrageenan quality. The study was conducted on K. alvarezii seaweed farming area in Jeneponto, South Sulawesi. Sample of epiphyte was obtained from four stations. Epiphyte was identified in laboratory based on its morphological characteristics and calculated its density. Carrageenan yield and gel strength of healthy seaweed and those infected one were analyzed in laboratory in triplicates for each sample. Data were statistically analyzed using independent samples t-test analysis. Present study showed that there were 6 epiphytes species on the seaweed farming area, namely: Entheromorpha intestinalis, Ceramium sp., Neosiphonia apiculata, Chaetomorpha crassa, Hypnea sp., and Gracilaria sp. The average of epiphytic density in cultivation area was (24.26±9.64)%. Healthy seaweed and infected one had significantly different carrageenan yield and gel strength (P<0.05). Healthy seaweed had higher carrageenan yield (48.17±1.62)% and gel strength (1130.76±8.42) g cm-² than infected seaweed which had carrageenan yield (42.47±0.23)% and gel strength (958.22±10.85) g cm-².

Peningkatan produksi udang windu Penaeus monodon terus diupayakan, salah satunya dengan peningkatan respons imun udang terhadap infeksi penyakit WSSV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons imun udang terhadap pemberian vaksin dsRNA VP-24 pada berbagai dosis. Konstruksi vaksin dsRNA VP-24 dilakukan menggunakan Megascript kit dengan DNA genom VP-24 sebagai template. Vaksinasi dilakukan dengan metode injeksi pada udang windu yang berukuran rata-rata 15,88 ± 3,50 g; dosis vaksin yang diujikan adalah 0,02 µg; 0,2 µg; 2 µg; dan sebagai kontrol adalah udang yang tidak diberi vaksin. Penelitian terdiri atas empat perlakuan dosis vaksin dengan masing-masing dua ulangan dan dipelihara selama lima hari. Uji tantang dilakukan selama enam hari dengan menginjeksi virus WSSV dalam saline solution (1:3 v/v). Pengamatan terhadap sintasan udang windu dilakukan setiap hari, sedangkan penghitungan total hemocyte (THC) dan ProPO diamati pada hari I, III, dan VI setelah diinfeksi WSSV. Pada akhir pengujian dilakukan pengambilan jaringan hepatopankreas untuk analisis histopatologi. Analisis data dilakukan secara statistik dengan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Hasil yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa injeksi vaksin dsRNA VP-24 dengan dosis 0,2 µg memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sintasan dan respons imun udang windu (P<0,05). Vaksin dsRNA VP-24 dengan dosis 0,2 µg mampu memberikan sintasan udang windu P. monodon sebesar 65% dan meningkatkan respons imun udang dengan THC (1.550 x 10t sel/mL) dan ProPO (0,042 Abs).One of the efforts to increase the production of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon is increasing the immune response against WSSV disease. This study aims to evaluate shrimp immune response to dsRNA VP-24 vaccination at various doses. The construction of dsRNA VP-24 vaccine was performed using Megascript kit with the VP-24 DNA genome as a template. The vaccination was done by injection method on shrimp sized 15.88 ± 3.50 g. The tested vaccine doses (treatments) were 0.02 ¼g; 0.2 ¼g; 2 ¼g; and unvaccinated shrimp as the control. The study consisted of four treatments of vaccine doses with two replicates for each treatment. The challenge test was performed by injecting the WSSV virus in saline solution (1:3 v/v). The observation on shrimp survival rate was done daily, while the total hemocyte count (THC) and ProPO observation were performed on the 1st day, 3rd day, and 6th day after WSSV infection. At the end of the experiment, samplings of hepatopancreas for analysis were performed. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The present study indicated that the injection of 0.2 ¼ g dsRNA VP-24 vaccine had a significant effect on the survival rate and immune response of shrimp (P<0.05). The dose of 0.2 ¼g dsRNA VP-24 had resulted in 65% of survival rate and increased immune response of P. monodon with THC (1,550 x 10t cell/mL) and ProPO (0.042 Abs).

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak herbal mangrove Sonneratia alba dan Bruguiera gymnorrhiza terhadap penyebab penyakit vibriosis pada udang windu. Daun mangrove S. alba dan B. gymnorrhiza masing-masing diambil dari Kabupaten Maros dan Pangkep. Sampel daun dikeringanginkan selama dua minggu, ditepungkan, diekstraksi dengan metanol 80%, dan dievaporasi. Rendemen yang diperoleh dipartisi menggunakan dua jenis pelarut yaitu butanol dan dietileter. Uji bioassay dilakukan baik secara kualitatif maupun kuantitatif melalui penentuan minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) dan minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC PENDAHULUANPenyakit vibriosis atau penyakit udang berpendar merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit udang yang banyak menimbulkan kematian baik di tambak maupun di panti perbenihan. Vibriosis disebabkan oleh beberapa jenis bakteri vibrio seperti Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio parahaemolytiucus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio fischeri. Di antara beberapa jenis vibrio yang paling berbahaya adalah V. harveyi (Kannapiran et al., 2009) dan sampai saat ini penyakit ini masih merupakan kendala budidaya udang terutama di panti perbenihan.Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk menanggulangi serangan penyakit pada budidaya udang, namun hingga saat ini kematian udang di tambak dan di panti perbenihan akibat serangan penyakit masih saja terus terjadi. Penggunaan bahan alam termasuk mangrove dan tanaman asosiasinya untuk penanggulangan penyakit di bidang perikanan mulai dirintis meskipun masih terbatas pada skala laboratorium di antaranya sebagai antibakteri (Velmurugan & Citarasu, 2010;Rajasekar et al., 2011;Rajeswari et al., 2012).

ABSTRAKBudidaya udang vaname intensif sistem bioflok merupakan satu di antara beberapa upaya untuk efisiensi biaya produksi, karena bioflok dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai subsitusi pakan bagi udang vaname yang dibudidayakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan sumber C-karbohidrat (molase) sebagai upaya penumbuhan bioflok pada budidaya udang vaname pola intensif di tambak terutama efeknya pada pertumbuhan, sintasan dan produksi udang. Dua petak tambak masing-masing ukuran 3.520 m 2 dan 3.946 m 2 ditebari benur vaname dengan padat tebar 75 ekor/m 2 . Satu petak sebagai tambak kontrol tanpa penambahan sumber Ckarbohidrat (tambak A) dan satu petak tambak lainnya setelah satu bulan pemeliharaan maka sumber C karbohidrat (molase) mulai ditebarkan ke air tambak (tambak B) tujuannya untuk meningkatkan CN ratio menjadi > 10:1 sehingga diharapkan bioflok mudah tumbuh. Pakan udang diberikan setelah penebaran dengan dosis 100% dari total biomassa udang pada dua minggu pertama dan setiap dua minggu berikutnya jumlah pakan yang diberikan menurun hingga mencapai dosis 2,5% dari total biomassa udang setelah udang mencapai masa pemeliharaan bulan keempat. Pada petak yang ditumbuhkan bioflok dosis pakan yang diberikan ke udang dikurangi hingga mencapai 10%-20% dari porsi yang seharusnya diberikan. Sintasan, produksi, dan nilai konversi pakan dihitung setelah udang dipanen. Kualitas air (salinitas, pH, dan oksigen terlarut) di-monitor setiap hari. Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Volatil Suspended Solid (VSS), dan volume bioflok di-monitor setelah terbentuk di air tambak. Total haemosit dan prophenol oksidase udang dihitung pada udang sampel dilakukan menjelang udang dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di tambak B yang ditambahkan sumber C-karbohidrat (ditumbuhkan biofloknya) diperoleh nilai konversi pakan udang lebih rendah daripada yang diperoleh di tambak A. Sintasan dan produksi udang di tambak B lebih tinggi daripada sintasan dan produksi udang di tambak A (kontrol). Total haemosit dan prophenol oksidase lebih tinggi pada udang yang hidup di tambak B yang ditumbuhkan floknya daripada yang diperoleh di tambak A (kontrol).

Super intensive wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is needed to manage wastewater from aquaculture activities before being discharged into the waters. This study aims to determine the diversity of bacterial species in the WWTP super intensive vanname shrimp culture plots located in Barru and Takalar Regencies. The research method was designed by using a survey method in the WWTP super-intensive shrimp cultivation plot in Lajange Village, Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency, and Punanga Village, Takalar Regency. Sampling of DNA from water was carried out every two weeks for one culture cycle by filtering water from the WWTP outlet. The samples obtained were then DNA-extracted using cTAB dTAB DNA extraction kit (Iq2000). Quality of the DNA obtained was measured and analyzed using a genquan machine. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis was carried out by sending the DNA samples to a commercial company (Genetics Science laboratory) for the analysis. The results showed that the highest relative diversity of samples from Barru was 60% unidentified, followed by vibrio, unidentified Chloroplast, Arcobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Marinobacterium, Marivita, Thalassatolea, Phaeodactylibacter, and Thalassalituus. Likewise, the relative diversity of bacteria from Takalary originating from Takalar, the highest was also not identified, followed by Pseudoalteromonas, unidentified_Chloroplast, Vibrio, Marivita, Thalassotalea, Phaedactylibacter, Thalassolituus, Arcobacter, and Tenacibaculum. It appears that the types of bacteria from the two sampling locations are still quite diverse and found probiotic bacteria, Pseudoalteromonas, that are commonly used in the cultivation of vanname shrimp in both WWTP plots.

The solid organic waste load that is formed during the vannamei shrimp cultivation process is a problem that must be overcome because it triggers water quality deterioration and the emergence of shrimp disease. The sludge collector is designed to accommodate a load of the solid waste easily removed from the pond environment during the cultivation process. This study evaluates the performance of two types of pond outlets on water quality and shrimp production performance. Two concrete pond plots with an area of 1000 m2 each were used in this study. The treatments applied are the Sludge Collector and Central Drain solar model as outlet facilities located in the middle of the pond. The stocking density of the fry is 500 PL/m2 and is maintained for 92 days. According to the feeding program, 38-36% crude protein content is given eight times daily. The water exchange was carried out in the morning and evening. The application of additives in the form of lime, molasses, and probiotics into the ponds was adjusted to the needs and development of pond water quality conditions. The parameters measured consisted of water quality, total bacteria, total hematocyte count, prophenoloxidase (proPO), growth, survival rate, production, feed conversion ratio, and analysis of shrimp production costs. Data is analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study results show that the Sludge Collector application in super-intensive ponds has better water quality (total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, and total suspended solid performance due to the cleaner sludge disposal system to maintain water quality conditions suitable for the life of vannamei shrimp. This response is in line with the performance of THC and proPO in shrimp in Sludge Collector ponds that have a lower stress level than in Central Drain ponds. The sludge Collector application resulted in an 8.25% higher gain than the Sludge Collector treatment with a larger shrimp size.

Rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is a schooling species which potential for being farmed in high density, however the information about stocking density of this species remain rare. This study was aimed to evaluate growth, survival rate, FCR, stress level and osmoregulation of Rabbitfish under different stocking densities. The tested fishes were the second generation (G2) of Rabbitfish that produced by hatchery outdoor of Research Institute of Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros, Indonesia. There were two stages of this study: the first stage was fingerling production. The seeds of Rabbitfish with average of length 6.2±0.8 cm and body weight 4.7±1.9 g/ind were reared in total of 12 units of 1 x 1 x 1 m3 floating net cage for 90 days. The stocking densities were 50, 100, 150 and 200 ind/m3. The second stage of this study was fish growing, where the tested fishes were cultivated with stocking density of 100, 150 and 200 ind/m3 in the same size of net as the first stage. The result of first stage showed that stocking density did not significantly affect growth rate of Rabbitfish fingerling. However, survival rate at stocking density of 50 (99.33±1.15%) and 100 ind/m3 (98,33±0,58%) were higher compared to stocking densities 150 and 200 ind/m3 (94.89±1.39 and 93.50±2.65%, respectively). The result of second stage showed that stocking density of 100 ind/m3 resulted significant growth, survival rate and FCR compared to that observed on 150 and 200 ind/m3. The fish stocked with density of 100 ind/m3 had length (18.6±0.3 cm), weigh (121.8±9.8 g/ind.), survival rate (92.0±2.6%) and FCR (4,41±0,43). Whereas, the result for fish stocked with 150 ind/m3 were 17.6±0.3 cm, 107.1±7.0 gram, 86.2±7.1 % and 5.15±0.59, respectively, and 200 ind/m3 were 16.9±0.2 cm, 96.5±5.9 gram, 82.2±2.3 % and 5,64±0,6, respectively. High stocking density might trigger stress on Rabbitfish and lower blood osmolality found on stocking density of 150 ind/m3 (490.00±59.77 mOsm/kg) and 200 ind/m3 (469.00±23.30 mOsm/kg) compared to that observed on density of 100 ind/m3 (501.67±23.50 mosm/kg). During hypo-osmotic condition, the osmoregulation was not regulated by stocking density as indicated by blood osmotic performance levels <1, which was 0.37 mOsm/kg (100 ind/m3) and 0.33 mOsm/kg (for 150 and 200 ind/m3).

Tilapia saline is a fishery commodity with a fairly large market prospect but has problems with slow growth performance, affecting the speed of its production. This study aims to determine the best growth performance with the body’s physical index of tilapia at different salinities using the synbiotic feed. The synbiotic feed is given with probiotic Bacillus subtilis 105 CFU/mL density and banana flour prebiotic 1%. This study used five different salinity treatments (A. 0 ppt; B. 5 ppt; C. 10 ppt; D. 15 ppt; E. 20 ppt) with a weight of tilapia 3,35±0,5g each 20 fish/aquarium. The results showed that mortality, FCR, weight gain (WG), and feed efficiency showed significant results in the 15 ppt salinity treatment compared to other treatments. The HIS, DSI, and Condition Factor (K) values were not significantly different (P>0,05), but the IPF values were significantly different (P<0,05) from other treatments. The average treatment at 15 ppt salinity gave optimal growth performance and physical body index, especially IPF in tilapia fry.