AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI PENYEBAB VIBRIOSIS TERHADAP UDANG WINDU DARI EKSTRAK HERBAL MANGROVE Sonneratia alba DAN Bruguiera gymnorrhiza

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak herbal mangrove Sonneratia alba dan Bruguiera gymnorrhiza terhadap penyebab penyakit vibriosis pada udang windu. Daun mangrove S. alba dan B. gymnorrhiza masing-masing diambil dari Kabupaten Maros dan Pangkep. Sampel daun dikeringanginkan selama dua minggu, ditepungkan, diekstraksi dengan metanol 80%, dan dievaporasi. Rendemen yang diperoleh dipartisi menggunakan dua jenis pelarut yaitu butanol dan dietileter. Uji bioassay dilakukan baik secara kualitatif maupun kuantitatif melalui penentuan minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) dan minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC PENDAHULUANPenyakit vibriosis atau penyakit udang berpendar merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit udang yang banyak menimbulkan kematian baik di tambak maupun di panti perbenihan. Vibriosis disebabkan oleh beberapa jenis bakteri vibrio seperti Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio parahaemolytiucus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio fischeri. Di antara beberapa jenis vibrio yang paling berbahaya adalah V. harveyi (Kannapiran et al., 2009) dan sampai saat ini penyakit ini masih merupakan kendala budidaya udang terutama di panti perbenihan.Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk menanggulangi serangan penyakit pada budidaya udang, namun hingga saat ini kematian udang di tambak dan di panti perbenihan akibat serangan penyakit masih saja terus terjadi. Penggunaan bahan alam termasuk mangrove dan tanaman asosiasinya untuk penanggulangan penyakit di bidang perikanan mulai dirintis meskipun masih terbatas pada skala laboratorium di antaranya sebagai antibakteri (Velmurugan & Citarasu, 2010;Rajasekar et al., 2011;Rajeswari et al., 2012).

Use of probiotics, mangrove leaf extract, and bacterin for alternative disease prevention in tiger shrimp culture

“…Bacteria produced from V. harveyi bacteria weakened with 1% formalin is proven to increase the cellular defenses of tiger shrimp so that they can be used as immunostimulants in shrimp [5]. Similar to this study, it was found that formalin-inactivated Vibrio administered orally to Fenneropenaeus merguiensis postlarvae induced protection against V. anguillarum and V. harveyi infections [6].…”

“…As part of the state demand, shrimp consumers currently emphasize food safety, which requires the importing state to produce shrimp that is free from harmful ingredients such as antibiotics. Alternative disease prevention in shrimp culture that is environmentally friendly has been widely developed, including the use of probiotics, bacterial vaccines (bacterin) [1], and from natural products such as mangrove herbs [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

The mortality rate of tiger shrimp Penaeus modonon infected with White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) was treated with Mangrove Sonneratia alba extract at various concentrations

“…Many studies have been conducted both locally and internationally to determine the potential of mangrove plant extract as an alternative to disease prevention in the shrimp farming. Several research results have been reported both from within the country and from abroad related to the use of mangrove herbs as an alternative to preventing bacterial and viral diseases in tiger shrimp culture [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

“…Studies on the utilization of methanol, ethanol, butanol, and other chemical solvents for mangrove extraction have been carried out. Muliani et al, 2016 [28], reported that diethyl ether and methanol extract of S. alba and butanol extract of B. gymnorrhiza have relatively strong antibacterials. In addition to having antibacterial, both types of mangroves are suspected to have anti-WSSV.…”

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kitolod (Isotoma longiflora) terhadap Bakteri Vibrio sp. Penyebab Vibriosis pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…penyebab penyakit vibriosis belum pernah dilakukan. Sejauh ini penelitian yang pernah dilakukan untuk menanggulangi penyakit vibriosis, berkisar pada penggunaan ekstrak Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba, daun Rhizophora mucronata, dan daun jeruju (Suciati et al, 2012;Saptiani et al, 2013;Muliani et al, 2016;Farida et al, 2020).…”