The interactions of the socio-ecological systems in the coastal villages often create problems, ranging from the declining ecological quality to social conflicts. This study aimed not only to analyze the socio-ecological systems in the villages of Blanakan, Tanjungtiga, Rawameneng, and Mayangan, but also to find out the connectivity network of socio-ecological systems of the integrated coastal villages. The data collected included primary and secondary data related to social and ecological systems. The data analysis was performed in descriptive-quantitative and descriptive-spatial manners. The results showed that the socio-ecological systems of Blanakan Village, Tanjungtiga Village, Rawameneng Village, and Mayangan Village were composed of resource networks such as fish resources, ecosystem resources, land resources, and water resources used by fishermen, farmers and general public. The sustainable utilization of the resources was supported by the availability of infrastructure provided by the government and the private sector. The connectivity network of socio-ecological ecosystems of the integrated coastal villages showed that the social systems among coastal villages were connected through educational interactions, fishermen institutions, health services, and other interactions, while the interaction of the ecological system was connected through fishing ground networks and the shared utilization of mangrove ecosystems, especially between Blanakan Village and Mayangan Village. ABSTRAKInteraksi sistem sosial -ekologi di desa pesisir sering menimbulkan permasalahan, mulai dari menurunnya kualitas ekologi hingga terjadinya konflik sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem sosial -ekologi yang terdapat di Desa Blanakan, Desa Tanjungtiga, Desa Rawameneng, dan Desa Mayangan serta mengetahui jaringan konektivitas sistem sosial -ekologi dari desa pesisir yang terintegrasi. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder terkait sistem sosial dan sistem ekologi, analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan spasial deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem sosial -ekologi Desa Blanakan, Desa Tanjungtiga, Desa Rawameneng, dan Desa Mayangan tersusun atas jaringan sumberdaya berupa sumberdaya ikan, sumberdaya ekosistem, sumberdaya lahan, dan sumberdaya air yang digunakan oleh nelayan, petani, dan masyarakat umum. Keberlanjutan pemanfaatan sumberdaya didukung oleh ketersediaan infrastruktur yang disediakan oleh pemerintah dan swasta. Jaringan konektivitas sistem sosialekologi dari integrasi desa pesisir menunjukkan bahwa sistem sosial antar desa pesisir terkonektivitas melalui interaksi pendidikan, kelembagaan nelayan, pelayaanan kesehatan, dan interaksi lainnya, sedangkan interaksi sistem ekologi terkonektivitas melalui jaringan fishing ground dan pemanfaatan ekosistem mangrove secara bersama terutama antara Desa Blanakan dan Desa Mayangan.

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This study examined the effect of earnings management, profitability, capital structure, and liquidity on the firm value in building materials construction sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018-2021. This study used secondary data in the form of financial statements of each company in the building materials construction sub-sector. The sample in this study consisted of 16 building materials construction sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis method used was multiple linear regression using Eviews 12. The results partially indicated showed that earnings management and liquidity had no significant effect on firm value, while profitability and capital structure had a positive and significant effect on firm value. Meanwhile, the simultaneous test results showed that earnings management, profitability, capital structure, and liquidity significantly affected firm value in building materials construction sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021.

Total Suspended Solid (TSS) is a solid particle suspended in the water column of organic and inorganic materials, sized more than two micrometers. The high concentration of TSS in the waters causes a decrease in water clarity and potentially reduces dissolved oxygen that can threaten the life of aquatic biota. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of TSS and analyze the influence of rainfall on TSS in Laut Tawar Lake waters. The lake TSS ranged from 44 – 91 mg/L with an average of 68.67 ± 11.23 mg/L. Spatially TSS ranged from 63.17 - 73.67 mg/L and temporally ranged from 51.14 - 81.43 mg/L. The distribution of TSS was not spatially different because the lake waters are perfectly agitated. The difference in TSS was obtained temporally due to the influence of rainfall. The catchment area can be eroded by only 100 mm of rain/month. It leads to high production of TSS loading into the lake waters. It was indicated by the difference in TSS of Dry Months with TSS of Wet and Moist Months. The determinant coefficient of influence of rainfall on the TSS concentration of the lake waters is 0.62.

This study aimed to examine the effect of different concentrations of mangrove leaf S. alba extract which has been challenged with WSSV on the mortality rate of tiger shrimp P. monodon. The plastic container filled with 30 L sterile seawater salinity 30 ppt stocked with 10 pcs of tiger shrimp 15 g in size. Six concentrations of mangrove extract were tested; A). 0.01%; B). 0.1%; C). 1%; D). 10%; E). 100%. F). control (shrimp injected with WSSV suspension without mangrove extract). Each treatment with three replications. The WSSV suspension was mixed with mangrove extract (from boiling 1 kg of fresh leaves of S. alba in 5 L of water cooked to 2.5 L) according to the treatment with a ratio of 1:2 and incubated at a temperature of 29 oC for 3 hours. Then the mixture is injected into tiger shrimp by intramuscular as much as 100 μL/shrimp. Tiger shrimp mortality was observed daily, while total hemocytes, ProPO, and differential hemocytes were observed at the end of the study. The results showed that on the first day, the mortality of tiger shrimp was highest in treatment E and lowest in treatments A, and F(control). However, from the second day until the seventh day (the end of the study), the mortality of tiger shrimp was highest in treatment A and lowest in treatment C. The results of this study showed that the concentration of extract of S. alba 1% is most effective in inactivating WSSV, therefore tiger shrimp mortality can be reduced.

This experiment was aimed to determine the survival rate of tiger shrimp on the use of several types of mangrove extracts challenged with the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). The experiment was conducted in November 2015 at the Research Institute for brackish water Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension (RIBAFE), Maros. The plastic container of 40 L volume was filled with 30 L of seawater at a salinity of 28 ppt which had been disinfected with chlorine powder of 150 ppm and neutralized with Sodium Thiosufateof 75 ppm, stocked with 10 ind of tiger shrimps with the size of 5-7 g/pcs. The challenge test of mangrove extract with WSSV was done by mixing 5 μL of WSSV suspension with 10 μL of mangrove extract solution (500 mg/100 mL of NTE buffer). The mixing solution was then incubated at 29 oC for 3 hours and then infected to tiger shrimp by intramuscular injection. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with treatments; A). butanol extract of Sonneratia alba; B). butanol extract of Sonneratia caseolaris; C). butanol extract of Sonneratia lanceolata; D). butanol extract of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; E). diethyl ether extract of S. alba; F). diethyl ether extract of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; G). Control (shrimps injected with WSSV suspension without mangrove extract. Each treatment was repeated 3 (three) times and tiger shrimp were reared for 10 days. Observations of tiger shrimp mortality were performed daily, while Total Hemocyte Count (THC), Differential Hemocyte Count (DHC), ProPO values and WSSV infection were observed at the end of the study. Analysis of variance, which was followed by Least Significant Difference test were conducted on the survival rate of tiger shrimp. The results showed that over 50% of tiger shrimp relative survival was obtained by the treatment that used butanol extract of S.alba, butanol extract of S.caseolaris, butanol extract of B. gymnorrhiza, and diethyl ether extract of S. alba. These experiments showed that the four extracts of mangrove effectively increased the survival of tiger shrimp. The highest average survival rate of tiger shrimp was obtained by the treatment that used diethyl ether extract of S. alba, while the lowest was found in the positive control, and both treatments were significantly different (P <0.05).The result indicated that diethyl ether extract of S. alba was found to be the most potential extract to control WSSV disease in tiger shrimp.

Tiger shrimp diseases have been occurred in Indonesian brackishwater ponds for two decades and considered as one of the factors causing mass mortality of the cultured shrimp and making big loss for the farmers. Vibrio harveyi is considered as the main causative agent of this disease. The natural substance is proposed to kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic vibrios. In order to know the potency of mangrove Rhizophora mucronata as a bactericide for V. harveyi, research had been conducted at the Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture (BPPBAP) from February to May 2013. This research consists of several steps, i.e. 1) collection of plant; 2) drying of the plant; 3) making powder of plant; 4) extraction of plant/herb; 5) qualitative bioassay; and 6) quantitative bioassay. The results showed that qualitatively all part of the R. mucronata collected from Bone regency had activity against V. harveyi, but the leaf part of this mangrove collected from Maros regency did not have this activity, and neither the leaf or bark part of this mangrove collected from Pangkep regency. The values of Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) on V. harveyi were ranged between 1-10.000 mg/L depending on which part of the plant and the origin of the mangrove. The root part of the plant had higher activity against V. harveyi than other parts of the plant. Rhizophora mucronata collected from Bone regency had the highest activity against V. harveyi than that collected from Maros and Pangkep regencies.