One effort to increase dissolved oxygen concentration in pond waters is by applying bottom aeration system. The number of aeration point in the pond bottom allegedly affects oxygen solubility and shrimp farming performance. This study utilized two concreted ponds of 1000 m 2 each equipped with two bottom aeration systems built by 100 cm long of rubber diffuser, totaling 140 pieces (Treatment A) and 70 pieces (Treatment B). The PL-9 of L. vannamei were stocked with density of 600 ind/m 2 and reared for 70 days. Treatment A resulted dissolved oxygen of 3.04-10.36 (6.60±1.07) mg/L which were higher than Treatment B where the range of dissolved oxygen were 2.77-7.92 (6.08±0.95) mg/L. In contrast, nitrite, total nitrogen, phosphate and dissolved organic matter were lower within treatment A. Shrimp production, survival rate and feed conversion ratio in Treatment A were5, 620 kg, 93.6% and 1.12, respectively; whereas in treatment B were 4,000 kg, 80.7% and 1.51. Treatment A resulted in a better the L. vannamei farming compared to treatment B. To increase the supply of dissolved oxygen in the pond, a rubber diffuser can be used which is connected to a blower. ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan oksigen terlarut di perairan tambak dapat dilakukan melalui sistem aerasi dasar. Jumlah titik aerasi dasar diduga mempengaruhi kelarutan oksigen dan berdampak pada performa budidaya udang di tambak. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua petak tambak beton masing-masing 1.000 m 2 dilengkapi dengan sistem aerasi dasar yang terbuat dari rubber diffuser sepanjang 100 cm, berjumlah 140 buah (Perlakuan A) dan 70 buah (Perlakuan B). Benur udang vaname PL-9 ditebar dengan padat penebaran 600 ekor/m 2 dan dipelihara selama 70 hari. Perlakuan A menghasilkan kelarutan oksigen 3,04-10,36 (6,60±1,07) mg/L lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan B dengan kisaran oksigen terlarut 2,77-7,92 (6,08±0,95) mg/L. Sebaliknya parameter nitrit, total nitrogen, phosphat dan bahan organik terlarut lebih rendah di perlakuan A. Produksi, sintasan, dan rasio konversi pakan pada perlakuan A masing-masing 5.620 kg, 93,6% dan 1,12 dan perlakuan B masing-masing 4.000 kg, 80,7% dan 1,51. Perlakuan A menghasilkan performa budidaya lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan B. Untuk meningkatkan pasokan oksigen terlarut di tambak dapat digunakan rubber diffuser yang dihubungkan dengan blower.Kata kunci: rubber diffuser, aerasi dasar, udang vaname

Background: The act of worshipping in mosque is often not only considered to be one of the factors causing the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), but also a contributing factor to health protocol violations. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this paper is to examine the application of the Islamic principle of ḥifẓ alnafs (protection of life) in the practice of worshipping at the Nurul Iman mosque as it relates to the prevention of transmission of covid-19. Methods: This research uses a sociology of law perspective to the connection and the dynamics between the adoption of the principle of ḥifẓ al-nafs and the implementation of worship at the Nurul Iman mosque. As a case study, the data collection technique used includes interviews, observation, documentation reviews, and triangulation techniques, while the analysis technique used content analysis techniques. Results: The application of the principle of ḥifẓ al-nafs (protection of life) in the practices of worship at the Nurul Iman mosque have proven to be in accordance with health protocols and at the same time all members of the mosque congregation have been free from the transmission of covid-19. From an Islamic needs framework perspective, in the context of Covid-19 pandemic, the application of the ḥifẓ al-nafs principle at this mosque is a considered primary necessity (ḍar uriyy at) in that it protects life while providing spiritual continuity of collective religious worshipping, hence integrating the community together within a health and sanctity of life paradigm during this challenging time. Equally important, this research also challenges the thesis of the direct linkage between worshipping in mosque and Covid-19 transmission. Conclusion: the application of the principle of ḥifẓ al-nafs in the practices of worship in mosque has demonstrably shown that the congragants levels of health consciousness has increased and that they have also been kept safe. In essence, the effective contextualization of Islamic principle is able to provide the twin benefits of health and spirituality.

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Oil palm is an industrial plantation that is useful as a producer of cooking oil, industrial oil, and fuel. This research was conducted in West Sulawesi, Indonesia on June to September 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine oil palm, to calculate contribution of non-oil palm and non-farming household and contribution of oil palm plantations to farmers' income. Sampling for respondent in this study was carried by simple random sampling to the oil palm farmers in the study location.  This study conducted at one of oil palm location center in Central Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi by using questionnaires. The first results showed that oil palm is very profitable with an average income of IDR 30,666,620 per hectare per year. The second, source of household income for farmers is obtained from oil palm farming, non-oil palm farming and non-farming activities with an average total household income of the oil palm farmers of IDR 46,363,655 per year. The third, the contribution of oil palm plantations to farmers' income is moderate around 66 percent as a medium category.

The solid organic waste load that is formed during the vannamei shrimp cultivation process is a problem that must be overcome because it triggers water quality deterioration and the emergence of shrimp disease. The sludge collector is designed to accommodate a load of the solid waste easily removed from the pond environment during the cultivation process. This study evaluates the performance of two types of pond outlets on water quality and shrimp production performance. Two concrete pond plots with an area of 1000 m2 each were used in this study. The treatments applied are the Sludge Collector and Central Drain solar model as outlet facilities located in the middle of the pond. The stocking density of the fry is 500 PL/m2 and is maintained for 92 days. According to the feeding program, 38-36% crude protein content is given eight times daily. The water exchange was carried out in the morning and evening. The application of additives in the form of lime, molasses, and probiotics into the ponds was adjusted to the needs and development of pond water quality conditions. The parameters measured consisted of water quality, total bacteria, total hematocyte count, prophenoloxidase (proPO), growth, survival rate, production, feed conversion ratio, and analysis of shrimp production costs. Data is analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study results show that the Sludge Collector application in super-intensive ponds has better water quality (total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, and total suspended solid performance due to the cleaner sludge disposal system to maintain water quality conditions suitable for the life of vannamei shrimp. This response is in line with the performance of THC and proPO in shrimp in Sludge Collector ponds that have a lower stress level than in Central Drain ponds. The sludge Collector application resulted in an 8.25% higher gain than the Sludge Collector treatment with a larger shrimp size.

The study was conducted in the Experimental Farm of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) located in the Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province from September to December 2017. The research aimed to study the quantitative and qualitative characters of some local waxy corn genotypes in South Sulawesi. This experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatment included 9 local waxy corn genotypes from Barru, Bone, Bulukumba, Gowa, Jeneponto, Maros, Soppeng, Takalar, Wajo regencies and URI variety as a control. Local waxy corn genotypes of Bone and Bulukumba has the best phenotype characteristics with the highest grain yield (4.13 t/ha and 4.15 t/ha). Qualitative characters that are easily observed among different local waxy corn genotypes are panicle type, silk color (pistils), and kernel type. All the characteristics have high heritability (>0.50). Silking, weight of dry cob without husk, and cob diameter are the characteristics that give direct effect on the production positively (1.05; 0.001; 0.49, respectively).

Rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is a schooling species which potential for being farmed in high density, however the information about stocking density of this species remain rare. This study was aimed to evaluate growth, survival rate, FCR, stress level and osmoregulation of Rabbitfish under different stocking densities. The tested fishes were the second generation (G2) of Rabbitfish that produced by hatchery outdoor of Research Institute of Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros, Indonesia. There were two stages of this study: the first stage was fingerling production. The seeds of Rabbitfish with average of length 6.2±0.8 cm and body weight 4.7±1.9 g/ind were reared in total of 12 units of 1 x 1 x 1 m3 floating net cage for 90 days. The stocking densities were 50, 100, 150 and 200 ind/m3. The second stage of this study was fish growing, where the tested fishes were cultivated with stocking density of 100, 150 and 200 ind/m3 in the same size of net as the first stage. The result of first stage showed that stocking density did not significantly affect growth rate of Rabbitfish fingerling. However, survival rate at stocking density of 50 (99.33±1.15%) and 100 ind/m3 (98,33±0,58%) were higher compared to stocking densities 150 and 200 ind/m3 (94.89±1.39 and 93.50±2.65%, respectively). The result of second stage showed that stocking density of 100 ind/m3 resulted significant growth, survival rate and FCR compared to that observed on 150 and 200 ind/m3. The fish stocked with density of 100 ind/m3 had length (18.6±0.3 cm), weigh (121.8±9.8 g/ind.), survival rate (92.0±2.6%) and FCR (4,41±0,43). Whereas, the result for fish stocked with 150 ind/m3 were 17.6±0.3 cm, 107.1±7.0 gram, 86.2±7.1 % and 5.15±0.59, respectively, and 200 ind/m3 were 16.9±0.2 cm, 96.5±5.9 gram, 82.2±2.3 % and 5,64±0,6, respectively. High stocking density might trigger stress on Rabbitfish and lower blood osmolality found on stocking density of 150 ind/m3 (490.00±59.77 mOsm/kg) and 200 ind/m3 (469.00±23.30 mOsm/kg) compared to that observed on density of 100 ind/m3 (501.67±23.50 mosm/kg). During hypo-osmotic condition, the osmoregulation was not regulated by stocking density as indicated by blood osmotic performance levels <1, which was 0.37 mOsm/kg (100 ind/m3) and 0.33 mOsm/kg (for 150 and 200 ind/m3).

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