Salah satu jenis udang yang cukup potensial untuk dikembangkan adalah udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Budidaya ini berkembang dengan teknologi intensif, namun terbatas pada golongan masyarakat menengah ke atas (padat modal). Riset ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi pengaruh penggunaan tokolan terhadap produksi, Rasio Konversi Pakan (RKP) pada pembesaran udang vaname teknologi intensif. Riset ini dilaksanakan di tambak Punaga, Takalar, Instalasi Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BRPBAP), menggunakan empat petak masing masing berukuran 4.000 m2/petak. Hewan uji adalah udang vaname dengan perlakuan: (A) pembesaran dengan tebar benur (PL-12), dan (B) pembesaran dengan tebar tokolan (PL-27). Setiap perlakuan dengan 2 ulangan, kepadatan benur dan tokolan adalah 50 ekor/m2, dan pemeliharaan berlangsung 80 hari di tambak. Hasil yang diperoleh pada perlakuan B memperlihatkan pertumbuhan mutlak (11,114±0,258 g/ekor), sintasan (92,55±0,23%), produksi (2.087,5±88,2 kg/petak) lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan A yaitu: pertumbuhan mutlak (10,085±0,120 g/ekor), sintasan (90,83±8,51%), produksi (1.831,0±149,9 kg/petak), namun ketiga peubah ini berbeda tidak nyata antara kedua perlakuan. RKP lebih rendah pada perlakuan B (1,096±0,034) berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan A (1,257±0,048). Peubah kualitas air memperlihatkan sebaran kisaran yang merata untuk kedua perlakuan, kecuali nitrit (NO2) memperlihatkan kisaran yang tinggi pada perlakuan B (0,18235 mg/L) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan A (0,0328 mg/L) pada akhir penelitian. Hal ini disebabkan waktu panen yang berbeda sesuai dengan kondisi musim yaitu kualitas air sumber semakin menurun. Kualitas air sumber yang menurun ini diikuti oleh meningkatnya total vibrio di air laut mencapai; 4,33104 cfu/mL dibandingkan dalam air tambak 829.102 cfu/mL. Kesimpulan memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan tokolan (PL-27) menghasilkan produksi yang tinggi dan rasio konversi pakan yang rendah.One species of shrimps that has the potential to be developed for aquaculture is whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The recent cultivation method has been developed using intensive technology, but can only be afforded by middle and upper social groups (capital intensive). This research was aimed to study the influence of using shrimp juvenile on the production and feed conversion ratio of whiteleg shrimp cultured in intensive system. The research was conducted at the research installation of the Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture in Punaga, Takalar Regency. Four ponds each sized of 4,000 m2 were used in this research. The treatment was applied i.e grow-out of post-larvae 12 (PL-12) (A) and grow-out of shrimp juvenile (PL-27) (B) each with stocking density of 50 ind./m2. Each treatment was arranged in two replications and reared for 80 days. The results obtained in treatment B showed that absolute growth (11.114±0.258 g/ind.), survival (92,55±0,23%), and production (2,087.5±88.2 kg/pond) was higher than those of in treatment A (absolute growth, 10.085±0.120 g/ind., survival rate, 90.83±8.51%, production, 1,831.0±149.9 kg/pond), but all parameters were not significantly different between both treatments. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower in treatment B (1.096±0034) and significantly different with treatment A (1.257±0.048). Water quality parameters showed similar variations in both treatments, except Nitrite (NO2) where a high range of Nitrite variation was recorded in treatment B (0.18235 mg/L) compared to treatment A (0.0328 mg/L) at the end of research. This was due to different harvest times in accordance with the conditions of the season where at a particular time, the quality of water source was decreasing. The decrease of water quality was followed by the increase of total vibrio in seawater reaching 433104 CFU/mL than in the pond water 829.102 CFU/mL. The conclusion is that using the shrimp juvenile, PL-27, high shrimp production and low RKP can be achieved.
One effort to increase dissolved oxygen concentration in pond waters is by applying bottom aeration system. The number of aeration point in the pond bottom allegedly affects oxygen solubility and shrimp farming performance. This study utilized two concreted ponds of 1000 m 2 each equipped with two bottom aeration systems built by 100 cm long of rubber diffuser, totaling 140 pieces (Treatment A) and 70 pieces (Treatment B). The PL-9 of L. vannamei were stocked with density of 600 ind/m 2 and reared for 70 days. Treatment A resulted dissolved oxygen of 3.04-10.36 (6.60±1.07) mg/L which were higher than Treatment B where the range of dissolved oxygen were 2.77-7.92 (6.08±0.95) mg/L. In contrast, nitrite, total nitrogen, phosphate and dissolved organic matter were lower within treatment A. Shrimp production, survival rate and feed conversion ratio in Treatment A were5, 620 kg, 93.6% and 1.12, respectively; whereas in treatment B were 4,000 kg, 80.7% and 1.51. Treatment A resulted in a better the L. vannamei farming compared to treatment B. To increase the supply of dissolved oxygen in the pond, a rubber diffuser can be used which is connected to a blower. ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan oksigen terlarut di perairan tambak dapat dilakukan melalui sistem aerasi dasar. Jumlah titik aerasi dasar diduga mempengaruhi kelarutan oksigen dan berdampak pada performa budidaya udang di tambak. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua petak tambak beton masing-masing 1.000 m 2 dilengkapi dengan sistem aerasi dasar yang terbuat dari rubber diffuser sepanjang 100 cm, berjumlah 140 buah (Perlakuan A) dan 70 buah (Perlakuan B). Benur udang vaname PL-9 ditebar dengan padat penebaran 600 ekor/m 2 dan dipelihara selama 70 hari. Perlakuan A menghasilkan kelarutan oksigen 3,04-10,36 (6,60±1,07) mg/L lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan B dengan kisaran oksigen terlarut 2,77-7,92 (6,08±0,95) mg/L. Sebaliknya parameter nitrit, total nitrogen, phosphat dan bahan organik terlarut lebih rendah di perlakuan A. Produksi, sintasan, dan rasio konversi pakan pada perlakuan A masing-masing 5.620 kg, 93,6% dan 1,12 dan perlakuan B masing-masing 4.000 kg, 80,7% dan 1,51. Perlakuan A menghasilkan performa budidaya lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan B. Untuk meningkatkan pasokan oksigen terlarut di tambak dapat digunakan rubber diffuser yang dihubungkan dengan blower.Kata kunci: rubber diffuser, aerasi dasar, udang vaname
Kappaphycus alvarezii which is widely cultivated at sea is susceptible to other algae that drift away and attach as epiphyte. This study aims to identify epiphyte on seaweed farming K. alvarezii and its effect on carrageenan quality. The study was conducted on K. alvarezii seaweed farming area in Jeneponto, South Sulawesi. Sample of epiphyte was obtained from four stations. Epiphyte was identified in laboratory based on its morphological characteristics and calculated its density. Carrageenan yield and gel strength of healthy seaweed and those infected one were analyzed in laboratory in triplicates for each sample. Data were statistically analyzed using independent samples t-test analysis. Present study showed that there were 6 epiphytes species on the seaweed farming area, namely: Entheromorpha intestinalis, Ceramium sp., Neosiphonia apiculata, Chaetomorpha crassa, Hypnea sp., and Gracilaria sp. The average of epiphytic density in cultivation area was (24.26±9.64)%. Healthy seaweed and infected one had significantly different carrageenan yield and gel strength (P<0.05). Healthy seaweed had higher carrageenan yield (48.17±1.62)% and gel strength (1130.76±8.42) g cm-² than infected seaweed which had carrageenan yield (42.47±0.23)% and gel strength (958.22±10.85) g cm-².
Pakan merupakan satu di antara faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam sistem budidaya udang di tambak, karena berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan, sintasan, dan efisiensi biaya produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kombinasi pakan yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan dan sintasan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Instalasi Perbenihan Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau. Wadah yang digunakan adalah bak fiber glass ukuran 1 m x 1 m x 0,7 m sebanyak 9 buah. Setiap bak diisi air laut salinitas 32 ppt sebanyak 500 L dan dilengkapi 1 buah aerasi. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah tokolan udang vaname dengan bobot rata-rata 0,45 g/ekor dan ditebar kepadatan 100 ekor/bak. Penelitian diset menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu: (A) pakan PV 100%, (B) pakan PV 75% + pakan EB 25%, dan (C) pakan PV 50% + EB 50%, masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Selama pemeliharan 85 hari, udang diberi pakan dosis 50-5% dari total bobot biomassa/hari. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pakan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan, sintasan, rasio konversi pakan, dan produksi udang vaname. Pertumbuhan dan sintasan udang vaname terbaik yaitu masing-masing 6,31g dan 86% diperoleh pada perlakuan B bila dibanding perlakuan lainnya.
The study was aimed to evaluate the growth, survival rate and production of white shrimp (L. vannamei) culture under different stocking density in controlled tank. This research was conducted at Experimental Pond Installation. Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. Indonesia. Juveniles of white shrimp size in weight 0.14 g/ind were cultured for 70 days in three different stocking densities: 100, 200 and 300 ind/m3 in a total of nine fibre tanks sized of 2 m3. The study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). with three replications for each treatment. The parameters observed were growth rate, survival rate, production, feed conversion ratio of white shrimp and water quality condition. The results showed that the different stocking density had a significant effect (P <0.05) on growth, survival rate and production of white shrimp. The final weight and absolute weight of vaname shrimp decreased as density increased to 300 ind/ m3. The final weight of vaname shrimp in treatments A. B and C were 13.70 g/ind, 12.27 g/ind and 10.90 g/ind respectively. Survival rate and production of white shrimp in this study ranged from 80-95% and 1.24-2.42 kg/m3 respectively. Water quality measured during the experiment was suitable for the growth of white shrimp.
ABSTRAKPakan merupakan biaya produksi tertinggi dalam budidaya udang vaname di tambak, sehingga diperlukan informasi strategi manajemen pakan dalam budidaya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh pengurangan ransum pakan secara periodik terhadap pertumbuhan, sintasan, produksi, rasio konversi pakan dan efesiensi pakan pada budidaya udang vaname pola semi-intensif. Penelitian dilakukan di tambak percobaan Punaga Takalar, menggunakan 6 petak pembesaran udang vaname masingmasing berukuran 4.000 m 2 . Hewan uji adalah pasca larva udang vaname dengan bobot awal rata-rata 0,017 g yang ditebar pada tambak dengan kepadatan 20 ekor/m 2 . Rancangan penelitian adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan yang masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas dua ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujicobakan adalah pengurangan ransum pakan (pemuasaan) secara periodik yaitu: A) pengurangan ransum pakan 30%, B) pengurangan ransum pakan 60%, dan C) kontrol (tanpa pengurangan ransum pakan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengurangan ransum pakan secara periodik berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pertambahan bobot mutlak, laju pertumbuhan harian, sintasan, produksi, dan rasio konversi pakan bahkan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi pakan sekitar 7,71-22,39%. Penghematan penggunaan pakan untuk udang vaname dapat dilakukan dengan pengurangan ransum pakan hingga 60% bobot badan/hari/minggu. KATA KUNCI: tambak, vaname, produksi, manajemen pakan ABSTRACT:The
ABSTRAKBudidaya udang vaname intensif sistem bioflok merupakan satu di antara beberapa upaya untuk efisiensi biaya produksi, karena bioflok dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai subsitusi pakan bagi udang vaname yang dibudidayakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan sumber C-karbohidrat (molase) sebagai upaya penumbuhan bioflok pada budidaya udang vaname pola intensif di tambak terutama efeknya pada pertumbuhan, sintasan dan produksi udang. Dua petak tambak masing-masing ukuran 3.520 m 2 dan 3.946 m 2 ditebari benur vaname dengan padat tebar 75 ekor/m 2 . Satu petak sebagai tambak kontrol tanpa penambahan sumber Ckarbohidrat (tambak A) dan satu petak tambak lainnya setelah satu bulan pemeliharaan maka sumber C karbohidrat (molase) mulai ditebarkan ke air tambak (tambak B) tujuannya untuk meningkatkan CN ratio menjadi > 10:1 sehingga diharapkan bioflok mudah tumbuh. Pakan udang diberikan setelah penebaran dengan dosis 100% dari total biomassa udang pada dua minggu pertama dan setiap dua minggu berikutnya jumlah pakan yang diberikan menurun hingga mencapai dosis 2,5% dari total biomassa udang setelah udang mencapai masa pemeliharaan bulan keempat. Pada petak yang ditumbuhkan bioflok dosis pakan yang diberikan ke udang dikurangi hingga mencapai 10%-20% dari porsi yang seharusnya diberikan. Sintasan, produksi, dan nilai konversi pakan dihitung setelah udang dipanen. Kualitas air (salinitas, pH, dan oksigen terlarut) di-monitor setiap hari. Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Volatil Suspended Solid (VSS), dan volume bioflok di-monitor setelah terbentuk di air tambak. Total haemosit dan prophenol oksidase udang dihitung pada udang sampel dilakukan menjelang udang dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di tambak B yang ditambahkan sumber C-karbohidrat (ditumbuhkan biofloknya) diperoleh nilai konversi pakan udang lebih rendah daripada yang diperoleh di tambak A. Sintasan dan produksi udang di tambak B lebih tinggi daripada sintasan dan produksi udang di tambak A (kontrol). Total haemosit dan prophenol oksidase lebih tinggi pada udang yang hidup di tambak B yang ditumbuhkan floknya daripada yang diperoleh di tambak A (kontrol).
The study aimed to determine the performance of whiteleg shrimp culture in relation to temporal and spatial aspects and characteristics and water quality status. Measurement and sampling of water were carried out before stocking/initial stocking of culture whiteleg shrimp (rainy season) and end of culture/after harvesting of whiteleg shrimp (dry season) at two locations in the coastal area of Bulukumba Regency, namely Bonto Bahari Subdistrict (BB) and Gantarang Subdistrict (GT), and one location as a control, namely in the coastal area of Ujung Loe Subdistrict. Variables measured and analyzed included temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, total suspended solids, and total organic matter. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, multivariate statistics, and non-parametric statistics. Water quality status was determined using the Storet (Storage and Retrieval) method. The results showed that the culture of whiteleg shrimp was technology intensive with a stocking density of 110–220 ind/m2 with productivity between 13.9 and 44.4 tons/ha/cycle. The predicted waste load of N is 28.00 tons/cycle and P reaches 6.61 tons/cycle. Another result was that changes in water quality status during the rainy season were classified as moderately polluted at the BB location and complying with quality standards at the GT location. In the dry season, both locations were categorized as heavily polluted. Variables of water quality that caused the decrease in water quality status in both locations (BB and GT) were observed to increase salinity, nitrate concentration, and ammonia concentration and decreased dissolved oxygen concentration in the dry season. It is recommended to carry out proper feed management, use of probiotics, and increase the capacity and capability of wastewater treatment plants to reduce ammonia and nitrate concentrations in water in coastal areas. It is necessary to determine a more precise time for whiteleg shrimp stocking by reducing the possibility that whiteleg shrimp culture will still occur at the dry season’s peak.
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