Background: The act of worshipping in mosque is often not only considered to be one of the factors causing the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), but also a contributing factor to health protocol violations. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this paper is to examine the application of the Islamic principle of ḥifẓ alnafs (protection of life) in the practice of worshipping at the Nurul Iman mosque as it relates to the prevention of transmission of covid-19. Methods: This research uses a sociology of law perspective to the connection and the dynamics between the adoption of the principle of ḥifẓ al-nafs and the implementation of worship at the Nurul Iman mosque. As a case study, the data collection technique used includes interviews, observation, documentation reviews, and triangulation techniques, while the analysis technique used content analysis techniques. Results: The application of the principle of ḥifẓ al-nafs (protection of life) in the practices of worship at the Nurul Iman mosque have proven to be in accordance with health protocols and at the same time all members of the mosque congregation have been free from the transmission of covid-19. From an Islamic needs framework perspective, in the context of Covid-19 pandemic, the application of the ḥifẓ al-nafs principle at this mosque is a considered primary necessity (ḍar uriyy at) in that it protects life while providing spiritual continuity of collective religious worshipping, hence integrating the community together within a health and sanctity of life paradigm during this challenging time. Equally important, this research also challenges the thesis of the direct linkage between worshipping in mosque and Covid-19 transmission. Conclusion: the application of the principle of ḥifẓ al-nafs in the practices of worship in mosque has demonstrably shown that the congragants levels of health consciousness has increased and that they have also been kept safe. In essence, the effective contextualization of Islamic principle is able to provide the twin benefits of health and spirituality.
This study proposes the use of constructivist analysis approaches to analyze Israel's policies toward the Palestinians. Constructivism theory is important for understanding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The building of a social-political reality can determine the trajectory of protests and violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the past 60 years in direct association with the crystallization of nationalism and national identity. This paper analyses and explains the Israeli-Palestinian relations through the international relations theory in constructivism and elucidates in depth the reasons for the current struggle in the historical context and the concept of identity.
The Participatory Action Research (PAR) Model is not only referred to as a research method but is also referred to as an approach to community empowerment and development, including community-based tourism development. This paper describes the stages of empowerment and development of a tourist village in Indonesia using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach consisting of observing, mapping, reviewing, making program diagram maps, and re-planning the development of tourist villages. The data obtained through the PAR approach were analyzed using the Nvivo 12 Plus Software. This paper reveals that Ngadas Village has tourism potential, including nature tourism and socio-cultural tourism. The tourism potential of Ngadas Village has not been managed and developed properly due to the limitations of village facilities and infrastructure that support the presence of Ngadas Village as a tourist village. The participatory integrative model is a model that can be implemented to develop Ngadas Village as an agriculture-based tourism village. Through this model, stakeholders, especially the village government, local government, universities, and local communities, can synergize and play a role according to their respective abilities, which are directed to realize the same goal, namely to build Ngadas Village as a tourist village as a source of opinion that supports community welfare. The findings of this study contribute to the development of local tourism in developing countries, especially in Indonesia.
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