BackgroundIndonesia has set 2030 as its deadline for elimination of malaria transmission in the archipelago, with regional deadlines established according to present levels of malaria endemicity and strength of health infrastructure. The Municipality of Sabang which historically had one of the highest levels of malaria in Aceh province aims to achieve elimination by the end of 2013.MethodFrom 2008 to 2010, baseline surveys of malaria interventions, mapping of all confirmed malaria cases, categorization of residual foci of malaria transmission and vector surveys were conducted in Sabang, Aceh, a pilot district for malaria elimination in Indonesia. To inform future elimination efforts, mass screening from the focal areas to measure prevalence of malaria with both microscopy and PCR was conducted. G6PD deficiency prevalence was also measured.ResultDespite its small size, a diverse mixture of potential malaria vectors were documented in Sabang, including Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles aconitus and Anopheles dirus. Over a two-year span, the number of sub-villages with ongoing malaria transmission reduced from 61 to 43. Coverage of malaria diagnosis and treatment, IRS, and LLINs was over 80%. Screening of 16,229 residents detected 19 positive people, for a point prevalence of 0.12%. Of the 19 positive cases, three symptomatic infections and five asymptomatic infections were detected with microscopy and 11 asymptomatic infections were detected with PCR. Of the 19 cases, seven were infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 11 were infected with Plasmodium vivax, and one subject was infected with both species. Analysis of the 937 blood samples for G6PD deficiency revealed two subjects (0.2%) with deficient G6PD.DiscussionThe interventions carried out by the government of Sabang have dramatically reduced the burden of malaria over the past seven years. The first phase, carried out between 2005 and 2007, included improved malaria diagnosis, introduction of ACT for treatment, and scale-up of coverage of IRS and LLINs. The second phase, from 2008 to 2010, initiated to eliminate the persistent residual transmission of malaria, consisted of development of a malaria database to ensure rapid case reporting and investigation, stratification of malaria foci to guide interventions, and active case detection to hunt symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria carriers.

ABSTRAK Muhammad Yani (2014). Proses Berpikir Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Langkah-langkah Polya Ditinjau dari Adversity Quotient. Matematika memiliki objek yang abstrak sehingga untuk memahaminya tidak cukup hanya dengan menghafal tetapi dibutuhkan adanya proses berpikir. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berpikir dan menganalisa kesulitan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah matematika berdasarkan langkah-langkah Polya ditinjau dari Adversity Quotient (AQ). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IX SMPN 1 Banda Aceh yang terdiri dari tiga siswa. Pemilihan subjek menggunakan teknik pemilihan sampel bertujuan ( purposive sampling) dan didasarkan pada tingkat AQ dan kelancaran komunikasi siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara berbasis tugas, kemudian dilakukan triangulasi untuk memeriksa keabsahan data. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan konsep Miles dan Huberman: meliputi tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; (1) subjek climber melakukan proses berpikir secara asimilasi dalam memahami, menyusun rencana penyelesaian, dan memeriksa kembali penyelesaian masalah. Sementara itu, dalam melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian masalah proses berpikir yang dilakukan adalah asimilasi dan akomodasi. Kesulitan yang dialami subjek climber dalam memecahkan masalah matematika adalah kesulitan dalam memahami beberapa makna soal dari masalah yang diberikan, (2) subjek camper juga melakukan proses berpikir secara asimilasi dalam memahami, menyusun rencana penyelesaian, dan memeriksa kembali penyelesaian masalah. Namun, melakukan proses berpikir secara asimilasi dan akomodasi dalam melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian masalah. Kesulitan yang dialami subjek camper dalam memecahkan masalah matematika disebabkan lupa konsep, kesulitan memahami makna soal dari masalah yang diberikan dan terkadang juga kurang teliti ketika memecahkan masalah , dan (3) subjek quitter melakukan proses berpikir secara asimilasi dan akomodasi dalam memahami dan melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian masalah. Sementara itu, dalam menyusun rencana penyelesaian dan memeriksa kembali penyelesaian masalah dilakukan proses berpikir secara asimilasi. Kesulitan yang dialami subjek quitter dalam memecahkan masalah matematika disebabkan belum memahami dengan baik beberapa konsep dalam matematika, kesulitan memahami makna soal dari masalah yang diberikan dan kurang teliti ketika memecahkan masalah.

BackgroundSabang Municipality, in Aceh Province, Indonesia, plans to initiate a malaria elimination programme in 2013. A baseline survey of the distribution of malaria in the municipality was conducted to lay the foundations for an evidence-based programme and to assess the island’s readiness to begin the elimination process.MethodsThe entire population of the municipality was screened for malaria infection and G6PD deficiency. Specimens collected included blood slides, blots and tubes for selected households.Results and DiscussionSamples were collected from 16,229 residents. Microscopic examination of the blood smears revealed 12 malaria infections; 10 with Plasmodium falciparum and 2 with Plasmodium vivax. To confirm the parasite prevalence, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis was performed on the entire positive cases by microscopy and randomized 10% of the microscopically negative blood samples. PCR revealed an additional 11 subjects with malaria; one P. falciparum infection from the village of Paya Keunekai, and nine P. vivax infections and one mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax infection from the village of Batee Shok. The overall slide positivity rate was 0.074% (CI 95%: 0.070 – 0.078) and PCR corrected prevalence 0,590% (CI 95%: 0.582 – 0.597). Analysis of 937 blood samples for G6PD deficiency revealed two subjects (0.2%) of deficient G6PD. Analysis of several genes of the parasite, such as Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, Pfmdr1, Pfcrt, Pfmsp1, Pfmsp2, Pvdhfr, Pvdhps, Pvmdr1 and host gene, such as G6PD gene revealed that both P. falciparum and P. vivax carried the mutation associated with chloroquine resistance.ConclusionMalariometric and host genetic analysis indicated that there is a low prevalence of both malaria and G6PD deficiency in the population of Sabang Municipality. Nevertheless, malaria cases were clustered in three rural villages and efforts for malaria elimination in Sabang should be particularly focused on those three villages.

c l i n i c a l e p i d e m i o l o g y a n d g l o b a l h e a l t h 3 (2 0 1 5) 2 9 e3 6

Available online xxxKeywords: Stigmatized attitude Health care worker Health care setting Stigma PLHIV a b s t r a c t Introduction: Study of HIV-related stigmatized and discriminatory attitudes is predominantly conducted in the regions with high HIV prevalence; therefore, understanding about stigmatized and discriminatory attitudes dynamic in the region with a very low HIV prevalence is needed. Aim: To identify the levels of stigmatized attitudes toward people living with HIV (PLHIV)and their predictors among health care providers (HCPs) in Aceh, the lowest HIV prevalence province in Indonesia.Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven regencies in Aceh.Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 589 HCPs (doctors, nurses, midwifes and supporting staffs). Univariate analyses including one-way analysis of variance, ttest and correlation test were performed according to data type. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify the predictors of stigmatized attitudes. Results and discussion:The level of HIV-stigmatized attitudes among HCPs in Aceh was high.Univariate analysis revealed that location, experience of direct contact with PLHIV, knowledge on HIV transmission and prevention, value-driven stigma and overestimated risk to HIV transmission were associated significantly with stigmatized attitudes levels (P < 0.05).

BackgroundThe Health Office of Aceh aims to eliminate malaria from Aceh Province, Indonesia by 2015. Malaria was formerly common in Aceh (population 4.5 million), but has declined dramatically in recent years consequent to post-tsunami control efforts. Successful elimination will depend upon rapid and accurate diagnosis and case follow-up at community level. A prerequisite to this is widespread coverage of high quality malaria diagnosis. This study describes the results of a comprehensive assessment of the malaria diagnostic capacity in Aceh as the province moves towards malaria elimination.MethodsThe study was conducted in 23 districts in Aceh from October 2010 to July 2011. Six types of questionnaires were used to collect data on competency of microscopists and laboratory capacity. Standardized slides were used to evaluate the proficiency of all microscopists. In addition, site visits to 17 primary health centres (PHC) assessed diagnostic practice and logistics capacity.ResultsFive hundred and seventy four malaria microscopists have been officially registered and assigned to duty in the 23 districts in Aceh Province. They work in 345 laboratories, predominantly in PHCs (69 %) and hospitals (25 %). Three laboratories were evaluated as adequate for all 30 elements, while 29 laboratories were adequate for less than five of 30 elements. Standardized proficiency tests showed that 413 microscopists were at basic (in training) level, with 10 advanced and 9 reference level. No microscopist achieved expert level. Neither the province nor any of Aceh’s districts has a standardized inventory and logistics database for malaria diagnostics, nor did any of the surveyed laboratories operate a quality assurance programme for either microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests.ConclusionsThe study highlights the importance of careful assessment of diagnostic capacity when embarking upon a large-scale malaria elimination programme. Aceh’s laboratories have minimal infrastructure with nearly all microscopists still in training. On the positive side, a large workforce of microscopists has been assigned to laboratories with the needed equipment. Aceh will need to embark on a large-scale comprehensive quality assurance scheme if it is to achieve malaria elimination.

Every student must have and develop spatial abilities to be successfull in learning geometry. The rapid development of technology also allows teachers to use macromedia flash as an alternative in developing and improving students' spatial abilities. This study aimed to determine and describe the improvement of the students' spatial ability after getting geometry material by using macromedia flash at MTsN Model Banda Aceh. This research used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design and one group pretest posttest design. The population of this study was all students of class VIII MTsN Model Banda Aceh with random sampling as the sample selection techniques so that the selected sample was the students of class VIII-5. The data collection in this study was carried out using a spatial ability test consisted of pretest and posttest questions. The gained data were analyzed with SPSS version 17 with paired sample t-test and percentage. The results showed that there was an improvement in students' spatial ability after having geometry material learning by using macromedia flash at MTsN Model Banda Aceh. Besides, the improvement of students' spatial ability based on indicator of perception spatial was 61.1%, mental rotation indicator was 55.6%, and indicator of  visualization spatial was 66.7%.

Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimanakah penguasaan kompetensi profesional guru PPKn dan faktor apa yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan di Prodi PPKn FISH UNESA ini mengambil sampel 86 mahasiswa yang telah menyelesaikan Praktik Pengalaman Pembelajaran (PPP). Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes dan angket yang dikembangkan peneliti. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa mereka memiliki kompetensi profesional guru yang cukup baik. Temuan ini konsisten dengan gambaran tentang sikap, minat, dan motivasinya serta pengalaman belajar yang juga berada pada kategori cukup. Kompetensi ini masih perlu diperbaiki, salah satunya dengan mengoptimalkan proses belajarnya.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This essay to describe the level of comprehension of professional competency among PPKn teachers and its factors influencing these competencies. The research was conducted at Study Program of PPKn, FIHS UNESA with 86 selected students being taking course). Data was collected through questionnaire, and test developed by the researcher. The result reveals that they have an adequate professional competency. This result is consistent with the levels of attitude, interest, motivation, and learning experience. This level should be up-graded, one of them through learning process.