The Participatory Action Research (PAR) Model is not only referred to as a research method but is also referred to as an approach to community empowerment and development, including community-based tourism development. This paper describes the stages of empowerment and development of a tourist village in Indonesia using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach consisting of observing, mapping, reviewing, making program diagram maps, and re-planning the development of tourist villages. The data obtained through the PAR approach were analyzed using the Nvivo 12 Plus Software. This paper reveals that Ngadas Village has tourism potential, including nature tourism and socio-cultural tourism. The tourism potential of Ngadas Village has not been managed and developed properly due to the limitations of village facilities and infrastructure that support the presence of Ngadas Village as a tourist village. The participatory integrative model is a model that can be implemented to develop Ngadas Village as an agriculture-based tourism village. Through this model, stakeholders, especially the village government, local government, universities, and local communities, can synergize and play a role according to their respective abilities, which are directed to realize the same goal, namely to build Ngadas Village as a tourist village as a source of opinion that supports community welfare. The findings of this study contribute to the development of local tourism in developing countries, especially in Indonesia.
In Indonesia and India the participation of women in politics is influenced by their traditional social roles. This implies that gender ideology, cultural patterns, and previously determined conceptions of suitable social roles dictate the roles of men and women. Although there is a quota system for ensuring that the representation of women in democratic representation reaches the ‘critical minimum of 30%, it is a sad fact that gender sensitivity towards women as a political class is still severely lacking among the political parties both in Indonesia and in India. This is caused by the patriarchal gender bias against women that is inherent in political parties itself and also due to the lack of political education in gender sensitivity for both men and women. In Indonesia and India, the gender sensitivity of secular political parties is almost same but for the Muslim political parties, Indonesia has better condition than in India. Keywords: gender sensitivity, political parties, India, Indonesia
Salemo Island, one of the islands held by Pangkep Regency, is also referred to as Ulama Island since it has produced numerous Ulama in South Sulawesi and serves as a location for religious study. However, Salemo Island's religious beliefs are starting to change. This is the context in which the Kosabangsa Team decided to conduct Kosabangsa on Salemo Island. The goal to be achieved with the Kosabangsa Program is to make Salemo Island a religious tourism island by restoring religious values to Salemo Island. The process involves mapping the Salemo Island Asset Based Development Community, followed by Focus Group Discussions (FGD) tailored to partner needs, such as communication FGD, social media promotion FGD, seafood processing FGD (making shredded crab and shredded tuna), organizing marine product production house, and establishing a tourism awareness community group (POKDARWIS) on Salemo Island, Physical Strengthening through Salemo Island Stirytelling, an Island Website, and Pier Repair funded by the Regional Government of Pangkep Regency. The implementation of this Kosabangsa led to an increase in tourists to Salemo Island as well as a growth in the group of PKK women who make up the UMKM group who are MSME actors and operate a home business. IBK Nitro's partnership with UMM Malang through the Kosabangsa (Social Collaboration to Build the Nation) initiative significantly benefited the Salemo Island Community by providing training techniques for the UMKM Community in collaboration with PKK moms, Mosque Youth, and Salemo Island Bumdes
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