This study proposes the use of constructivist analysis approaches to analyze Israel's policies toward the Palestinians. Constructivism theory is important for understanding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The building of a social-political reality can determine the trajectory of protests and violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the past 60 years in direct association with the crystallization of nationalism and national identity. This paper analyses and explains the Israeli-Palestinian relations through the international relations theory in constructivism and elucidates in depth the reasons for the current struggle in the historical context and the concept of identity.
The first endoscopic procedure done in Malaysia using the Caemaert-Abdullah method is reported and the followup results showed an excellent neurosurgical outcome. A 16-year-old girl with an aqueduct stenosis was operated on using a free-hand, computer-assisted endoscopic method where a third ventriculostomy was done. This was the first case being carried out in the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. The next two cases were a suprasellar pituitary cyst in an elderly man and a child with an obstructive hydrocephalus who was previously shunted which became infected. Both endoscopic procedures, extirpation of the cyst using a Nd:Yag laser and a third ventriculostomy, respectively, were done under general anaesthesia in the supine position. Follow-up revealed a transient diabetes insipidus in all three cases up to 48 hours after the operation which resolved spontaneously. The fourth case involved an endoscopic removal of retained ventricular catheter after rectal migration of a shunt in an eight-year-old girl with congenital hydrocephalus. The fifth was a free-hand endoscopy with perforation of multiple brain septae in a ten-month-old baby with hydrocephalus secondary to meningitis. The final outcomes for all the cases were favourable hence we conclude that endoscopic neurosurgery is a safe procedure and hope that more neurosurgeons will continue to use this method, especially for the management of intraventricular cyst and hydrocephalus and especially in South East Asia.
This article aims to look at the relevance of civic education in Malaysia-an illiberal democracy-by using data collected from students participating in Projek Warga throughout the year 2009. While civic education as advocated by the state is geared towards legitimizing the status quo and therefore does not necessarily converge with democratic norms and values, Projek Warga stresses the importance of active citizenship by exposing participants to the need for civic engagement at the local level. This is achieved by educating students on how public policies are formulated as well as its dynamics. It is hoped that after participating in the project, students will in turn internalize that democracy is not a spectator's sport and consequently value active citizenship as an indispensable element in public life. The results suggest that participation in the project has succeeded in increasing students' understanding of public policy and the democratic process in general. As most students entered the project without prior knowledge of public policy, their understanding of the different dimensions of public policy-its processes as well as parties involved-have significantly increased. Similarly, they are also able to see the importance of exercising their rights as citizens so as to make their community a better place. In light of these findings, it could be argued that civic education propagated by a non-governmental organization that is geared towards instilling social responsibility and citizenship is more likely to succeed in promoting "civic respect".
This study refining the dengue vulnerability assessment using DVFM to describes the vulnerability of dengue in Malaysia during the period of 15 years to identify high-low risk areas among sample of studies (except Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya). The dengue reported cases in Malaysia were analyzed using the data provided by the Disease Control Division Vector, Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) from 2003-2017. As per literature, factors influencing the vulnerability to infectious disease outbreak were identified as population density, urbanization, medical care workforce, medical care infrastructure, public health delivery, safe water and sanitation as well as economic strength. This framework was tested using empirical cases of dengue outbreak in Malaysia. The dataset used was obtained from widely available data (from the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) and Health Indicator Report by MOH). From 2003-2017, 829, 299 cases have been reported in Malaysia. The highest number was recorded in 2015 (63198, Selangor). The key findings from this assessment included the states with their vulnerability and actual dengue reported cases. The results also concluded that the framework prediction did not match the actual outbreak reported. Recently in Malaysia, the reported cases have increased steadily in most areas. The surveillance and control strategies should be strengthened especially for areas with the most vulnerable to dengue outbreak without deprioritizing the least vulnerable state. Further research should be conducted to explore other drivers that may reflect the vulnerability of dengue outbreak.
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