Background: Betel nut (Areca catechu L) are traditional beverages in Jambi. Betel nut high dose has a cytotoxic effect on testis and other organs—limited data about the effect of betel nut as male antifertility.Purposes:  This study aimed to determine the effect of infertility on betel nut use at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) in male rats.   Methods: Ten male Sprague Dawney rats that had passed the fertility test, aged 2-3 months and weighing 150-200 grams ware used in this study. The rat was grouped into two groups randomly. Group 1, as the negative control, were received aqua dest, and group 2 was treated by betel nut with dose 50 mg/kg BW for 35 days. When terminated, testis weight weighed using micro scales. Blood collected for measuring testosterone levels. Histopathology assessment of testis used Hematoxylin Eosin Staining and sperm counting from cauda epididymis.Results: The weight of testis in the group received betel nut was lower than the control group. The histopathology of testis showed shrunk, reduced the diameter of seminiferous tubules, and like cytolytic lesions in the germinal layer—the total sperm number and progressive sperms also lower than the control group (p<0.05). There was no abnormality in Leydig cell and interstitium tissue.  Male rats after treatment could not impregnate the female rats.Conclusion: Betel nut at dose 50 mg/kg BW have antifertility activity in male rats.

<p><br />Hepatoksik akibat obat dan herbal merupakan penyebab kerusakan hepar yang menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Jus pinang muda (Areca catechu) merupakan minuman herbal yang dikonsumsi oleh sebagian masyarakat di Jambi sebagai penambah stamina dengan takaran 5 biji pinang setara dengan 20gr/70kgBB atau 250mg/kgBB. Berdasarkan beberapa studi, pinang dosis 1000mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah, sedangkan median lethal dose (LD 50) adalah &gt;15.000mg/kgBB. Efek konsumsi jus pinang jangka panjang terhadap organ hepar belum diketahui. Penelitian ini merupakan uji pendahuluan untuk melihat efek pemberian jus pinang selama 45 hari terhadap organ hepar. Hewan coba adalah Rattus norvegicus galur Sprague Dawley, jantan, 2-3 bulan, berat 150-200 gram yang setelah diaklimatisasi dan dibagi secara random ke dalam 4 kelompok yaitu Kelompok I diberikan aquadest, kelompok II, III dan IV diberikan masing-masing jus pinang dosis 250mg/kgBB, 1.000mg/kgBB, dan 10.000mg/kgBB. Perlakuan diberikan sekali sehari selama 45 hari. Dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologi menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoxillin Eosin. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi menunjukkan gambaran kerusakan tipe hepatoseluler yaitu perdarahan, dilatasi sinusoid, inflamasi portal, inflamasi lobular, lobular dissarray, nekrosis, interface hepatitis dan mikrosteatosis pada kelompok jus pinang dengan derajat kerusakan hepar pada dosis 10.000mg/kgBB lebih berat. Konsumsi jus pinang dosis 250-10.000mg/kgBB selama 45 hari dapat menimbulkan kerusakan hepar pada tikus.</p>

<p>Some interventions, such as coffee powder, are applied on wound to facilitate healing process. Coffee has several properties that can facilitate wound healing. Application of Robusta coffee bean ointment 22.5 % on full thickness wound could increase  fibroblast. Povidone iodine 10% has remained popular as wound antiseptic. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of green coffee bean extract in lower concentration for healing wound in rats. This study used male Sprague Dawley rats, 10 rats in each group. The skin incision was held in right back of rats with a diameter of 1.5 cm under lidocaine anesthetic subcutaneously. Group I was not given intervention, group II was given liquid povidone iodine 10%, and group III was given 15% green coffee bean extract in vaseline base. Interventions were held every day without wound debridement. Wound size was measured at day 0, 7 and 16.  Animals were sacrificed at day 7 (proliferative phase) and 16 (remodeling phase). Sections were stained using Haematoxilyn-eosin. Histopathology assessment of wound tissue is on reepithelization and presence of: inflammatory cells, fibroblast, collagen, and vascularization. Green coffee extract could  increase wound contraction  and  accelerated wound healing. Histopathology result on day 7 showed that green coffee extract had high response inflammatory cells and fibroblast. The provision of 15% green coffee bean extract ointment can accelerate wound healing  with higher inflammation response and fibroblast in proliferative phase .</p>

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