Optimization of the ethanolysis of Raphanus sativus (L. Var.) crude oil applying the response surface methodology

Análise do teor e da qualidade dos lipídeos presentes em sementes de oleaginosas por rmn de baixo campo

“…O aumento da cadeia dos No grupo A estão presentes as matrizes que apresentam elevados teores de ácido oleico: amendoim, canola, dendê e nabo forrageiro. 23,30 Esse ácido graxo confere aos biodieseis, originados dessas matrizes, viscosidades adequadas, baixos índices de iodo e elevados índices de cetano. No mesmo grupo encontra-se o babaçu que é rico em ácido láurico.…”

High oleic sunflower biodiesel: quality control and different purification methods

“…Thus excluding this point from the experimental design, the optimal conditions corresponded to an ethanol: oil molar ratio of 9:1, which corresponds to an excess of 6 moles of alcohol and a catalyst concentration of 3%. Kucek et al (2007) and Domingos et al (2008) studied the ethanolysis of refined soybean oil and of Raphanus sativus oil, achieving purified biodiesel yields of 95.5% and 97.1%, respectively for the same molar ratio.…”

“…The catalyst acts as a strong emulsifier and the accumulation of soap usually leads to lower reaction yields and greater technical difficulties in obtaining good phase separation. Therefore, the concentration of the alkali catalyst should be reduced as much as possible, as well as the amount of water present in the chemical reactants (Domingos et al, 2008).…”

Biodiesel Production and Quality

“…The main advantages of this method include: (1) an understanding of how the test variables (process variables) affect the selected process response; (2) the determination of any possible interrelationship among the test variables; and (3) the characterization of the combined effect that all test variables may have on the process response (Myers & Montgomery, 1995). There are only few examples in the literature involving optimization of transesterification of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel, even knowing that the costs of biofuel production are high (Domingos et al, 2008). Pinzi et al (2011) evaluated together with the process variables, how raw material fatty acid composition affects the biodiesel production.…”

“…The highest biodiesel yield was 101.7% obtained at 65 o C with a MR of 12:1 and 0.4 wt% of C. Nevertheless, when the alcoholysis temperature was decreased to 45 o C, phase separation improved and lower levels of soap accumulation were obtained in the ethyl ester phase. The authors recommend the following procedure for the ethanolysis of Raphanus sativus crude oil: MR of 11.7:1, NaOH concentration of 0.4 wt%, 45 o C and vigorous agitation for 60 min as the first reaction stage, followed by a second stage in which MR and NaOH concentration can be reduced to 6:1 and 0.03 wt%, respectively (Domingos et al, 2008). Heterogeneous catalysis optimization was studied by Marchetti & Errazu (2011).…”