In the present work, different foods including banana, potato, cassava, onion, garlic, polenta, rice balls and beef patties were investigated in relation to the possible endogenous formation of 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol fatty acid esters (bound 3‐MCPD) and carry‐over of these contaminants from the oil due to fat uptake during frying. For that, the samples were fried in two different types of oil and bound 3‐MCPD was determined by using an indirect method based on acid transesterification and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. The compounds were not detected in the fried foods when corn oil containing non‐significant levels of bound 3‐MCPD (<0.05 mg kg−1) was used, indicating no endogenous formation during frying. On the other hand, when the same foods were fried in palm oil containing 1.64 mg kg−1 of bound 3‐MCPD, the mean concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 0.25 mg kg−1, indicating a clear carry‐over of the contaminants. In this case, a good correlation was observed between the levels of the compounds in fried samples and water loss/fat uptake.

Hamsters were fed for 4 weeks on four different diets: control (C) (balanced diet containing 20 % corn oil as the lipid source), hypercholesterolemic (H) (identical to C but containing 12 % coconut oil, 8 % corn oil and 0.1 % cholesterol as the lipid source), amaranth oil (A) (identical to H without corn oil but with amaranth oil), and squalene (S) (identical to H but admixed with squalene in the ratio found in amaranth oil). There were no significant differences in lipid profile, and in the cholesterol excreted in the animals' feces from amaranth oil (A) and squalene (S) groups. Fecal excretion of bile acids was greater in the amaranth oil (A) and squalene groups (S) as compared to the other groups. The scores of steatosis and parenchymal inflammation observed in the amaranth oil (A) and squalene groups (S) were superior to the ones observed in the other groups. Our findings demonstrated that amaranth oil, and its component squalene, increased the excretion of bile acids but did not have a hypocholesterolemic effect in hamsters fed on a diet containing high amounts of saturated fat and cholesterol.

No abstract

SUMMARY Method for the validation and uncertainty estimation of tocopherol analysis applied to soybean oil with addition of spices and TBHQThe tocopherol contents of refined soybean oil with the addition of rosemary, oregano, garlic, annatto seeds and TBHQ was evaluated during storage at 25 °C and 35 °C for twelve months, in comparison with a control soybean oil without the antioxidant addition. The method proposed to assess the tocopherol content was validated and the uncertainty estimation was determined. The method presented adequate linearity and precision, accuracy between 93% and 103% and expanded uncertainty of 2%. The contents of α-, γ-and d-tocopherols of all the tested soybean oils remained constant during the storage at 25 °C and 35 °C regardless of antioxidant addition, while β-tocopherol content decreased. The addition of a mixture of rosemary, oregano, garlic and annatto seeds increased the concentration of γ-and d-tocopherol. The oil with spices presented a similar behavior to that of the oil with the addition of TBHQ. KEY-WORDS:Annatto seeds -Garlic -OreganoRosemary -Storage -Temperature of storage.

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. Composição lipídica, características físicas e sensoriais de recheios de morango em biscoitos Lipid composition and the physical and sensory characteristics of strawberry biscuit fillings ResumoRecheios de biscoito de cinco marcas comerciais brasileiras foram avaliados quanto a teor de lipídios, composição em ácidos graxos, atividade de água, diâmetro médio e distribuição do tamanho de partícula, aspecto morfológico, textura (firmeza e adesividade), além de avaliação sensorial, por teste de aceitação, quanto aos atributos: sabor global, sabor de morango, cor, arenosidade, cerosidade e firmeza. Os cinco recheios comerciais avaliados apresentam valores de atividade de água de 0,47 a 0,50. Apenas um diferiu quanto ao tamanho de partícula, apresentando o maior diâmetro médio e a menor aceitação da arenosidade. Quanto à firmeza, houve maior variação entre as marcas comerciais (37,41 a 124,04 gf), assim como na composição em ácidos graxos, indicando diferentes fontes lipídicas nas gorduras destinadas aos recheios. O teor médio de lipídios encontrado, 27,5%, está próximo ao da literatura, de 30%; porém, de acordo com a composição em ácidos graxos, o valor médio de ácidos graxos trans encontrado indica que a indústria pode estar realmente reduzindo os teores desses ácidos graxos, não obstante os valores de ácidos graxos saturados ainda mostrarem-se altos. Palavras-chave: Biscoitos recheados; Ácidos graxos; Parâmetros físicos; Diâmetro médio de partícula; Aceitação. AbstractThe fillings of five Brazilian brands of sandwich cookies were evaluated for their lipid content, fatty acid composition, water activity, average diameter and particle size distribution, morphological appearance, texture (firmness and adhesiveness) and sensory acceptance for the attributes of: overall flavour, strawberry flavour, colour, grittiness, waxiness and firmness. The five commercial fillings showed values for water activity of from 0.47 to 0.50. Only one sample differed in particle size, presenting a larger mean diameter and lower acceptance due to grittiness. There was greater variation in firmness between the commercial brands (from 37.41 to 124.04 gf) as well as in the fatty acid composition, indicating that the fats used in the fillings came from different lipid sources. The average lipid content was 27.5%, which was close to the value found in the literature of 30%. With respect to the fatty acid composition, the average value for trans fatty acids indicated that the industries were really reducing the levels of these fatty acids, but the amounts of saturated fatty acids were still high. Keywords