The aim of this research is to assess the varieties of winter camelina in terms of productivity and adaptability in a contrast agroclimatic environment of the Middle Volga region and the region of steppe Crimea in 2016–2018. The climate of the Middle Volga region is moderately continental. The precipitation varies from 350 to 750 mm a year. The average year temperature is 5.3 °C. The climate of the steppe Crimea region is continental. The average year temperature here is 15.1 °C and the precipitation varies between 350 and 450 mm a year. In average the yield of different camelina varieties fluctuated between 1.59 and 1.83 t/ha, depending on the environment condition index (Ii -0.19–0.46). In the Penza region, the Kozir and Baron varieties gave the biggest yield with the productivity of crops equal to 1.80 and 1.83 t/ha respectively. In Crimea, the biggest yield was given by the Dikiy variety (1.74 t/ha). The variability of productivity is low at 7.4–10.1% and medium at 11.5–13.2%. The Baron variety has a low variation factor (7.4 and 11.5%) regardless of a cultivation region. All varieties had high stability which was 1.20–1.25 and 1.30–1.46 depending on a region. The Baron and Kozir varieties had the highest stability reaching 1.46 and 1.25 respectively. All varieties had a high index of stability for this crop, equal to 0.50–0.59. Camelina is tolerant of all stress factors and forms a stable yield in different cultivation conditions. All varieties showed a great ecological adaptivity and flexibility with the bi values equal to 1 and varying between 0.92–1.07. The most stable and flexible variety in the case of the Penza region is Baron (bi=0.92; σdr2=0.07) while in the region of Crimea it is Kozir (bi=0.99; σdr2=0.07). The Dikiy variety has high adaptivity parameters in both regions (bi=0.93–0.97; σdr2=0.06). The variance analysis showed that the share of “variety” factor influence is from 38.4% (the Penza region) to 39.2% (Crimea). In the variety-region relationship the influence of a variety is 40.6%. The share of “years” factor influence is 21.7–24.6%, depending on a region.
The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region and the steppe Crimea. The researches were conducted in two regions (Penza and Crimea) with contrasting hydrothermal conditions in 2015–2019 years. Climate conditions in the years of researches were characterized by significant variability in both the degree of humidity and temperature regime in both regions. The hydrothermal coefficient in the Crimea varied in the range of 0.23–1.11, in the conditions of Penza - from 0.45 to 1.10. The index of environmental conditions varied from -0.58 to 1.28 units depending on the natural and climatic zone. On average, in 2015–2019, the productivity of Camelina changed from 1.45 to 1.79 t/ha in Penza and from 0.56 to 1.66 t/ha in Crimea. The highest yield of Camelina sativa was recorded in 2016 in Penza and in 2017 in the Crimea and amounted to 1.79 and 1.66 t/ha, respectively. The value of the index of environmental conditions is 1.17 and 1.28 with hydrothermal coefficient of 0.82 and 0.61, respectively. Depending on the conditions of the year and the region, the oil content varied from 33.9 to 43.9 %. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease the amount of oil for all years of study in the direction from the Crimea to the zone of the Penza region. Camelina sativa is characterized by a high level of resistance to stressful conditions (0.49– 1.10), differs in environmental adaptability (bi=1.15–1.17), has a high fitness criterion, 41.2–41.5 g/m2, depending on the region.
The objective of the research is to establish the optimal seeding dates and rates of winter Camelina in the Crimea conditions and to determine the yield and quality of different oilseeds in field trials and production conditions. Trials were carried out in 2015-2019 on the field of the field crop department of the FSBI Crimean Agricultural Research Institute located in the central steppe zone of Crimea. The climate is moderately cold, semi-dry, continental, with large annual and daily temperature fluctuations. The average annual temperature is 15.1°C at 350-450 mm of precipitation per year. Meteorological conditions during the years of research differed from long-term average data on the amount of precipitation and temperature conditions: The Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) in 2016 was 0.82, in 2017 - 0.61, in 2018 - 0.23, in 2019 - 0.59. The agroclimatic potential of Crimea is suitable for cultivation of winter camelina on the peninsula, which increases the biodiversity of agrophytocenoses and get high-quality oil for various purposes. The optimal seeding dates for winter camelina in the Crimea is the period from September 30 to October 15, which produces the highest yield of 1.32-1.35 t/ha. However, a fairly wide calendar range gives a satisfactory crop yield. Favourable terms of soil moisture give the most optimal conditions for the winter camelina yield at a seeding rate of 8 million/ha. The fatty acid composition of the oil obtained from camelina grown in the Crimea indicates its suitability for various areas of the national economy.
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