The aim of this research is to assess the varieties of winter camelina in terms of productivity and adaptability in a contrast agroclimatic environment of the Middle Volga region and the region of steppe Crimea in 2016–2018. The climate of the Middle Volga region is moderately continental. The precipitation varies from 350 to 750 mm a year. The average year temperature is 5.3 °C. The climate of the steppe Crimea region is continental. The average year temperature here is 15.1 °C and the precipitation varies between 350 and 450 mm a year. In average the yield of different camelina varieties fluctuated between 1.59 and 1.83 t/ha, depending on the environment condition index (Ii -0.19–0.46). In the Penza region, the Kozir and Baron varieties gave the biggest yield with the productivity of crops equal to 1.80 and 1.83 t/ha respectively. In Crimea, the biggest yield was given by the Dikiy variety (1.74 t/ha). The variability of productivity is low at 7.4–10.1% and medium at 11.5–13.2%. The Baron variety has a low variation factor (7.4 and 11.5%) regardless of a cultivation region. All varieties had high stability which was 1.20–1.25 and 1.30–1.46 depending on a region. The Baron and Kozir varieties had the highest stability reaching 1.46 and 1.25 respectively. All varieties had a high index of stability for this crop, equal to 0.50–0.59. Camelina is tolerant of all stress factors and forms a stable yield in different cultivation conditions. All varieties showed a great ecological adaptivity and flexibility with the bi values equal to 1 and varying between 0.92–1.07. The most stable and flexible variety in the case of the Penza region is Baron (bi=0.92; σdr2=0.07) while in the region of Crimea it is Kozir (bi=0.99; σdr2=0.07). The Dikiy variety has high adaptivity parameters in both regions (bi=0.93–0.97; σdr2=0.06). The variance analysis showed that the share of “variety” factor influence is from 38.4% (the Penza region) to 39.2% (Crimea). In the variety-region relationship the influence of a variety is 40.6%. The share of “years” factor influence is 21.7–24.6%, depending on a region.
The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region and the steppe Crimea. The researches were conducted in two regions (Penza and Crimea) with contrasting hydrothermal conditions in 2015–2019 years. Climate conditions in the years of researches were characterized by significant variability in both the degree of humidity and temperature regime in both regions. The hydrothermal coefficient in the Crimea varied in the range of 0.23–1.11, in the conditions of Penza - from 0.45 to 1.10. The index of environmental conditions varied from -0.58 to 1.28 units depending on the natural and climatic zone. On average, in 2015–2019, the productivity of Camelina changed from 1.45 to 1.79 t/ha in Penza and from 0.56 to 1.66 t/ha in Crimea. The highest yield of Camelina sativa was recorded in 2016 in Penza and in 2017 in the Crimea and amounted to 1.79 and 1.66 t/ha, respectively. The value of the index of environmental conditions is 1.17 and 1.28 with hydrothermal coefficient of 0.82 and 0.61, respectively. Depending on the conditions of the year and the region, the oil content varied from 33.9 to 43.9 %. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease the amount of oil for all years of study in the direction from the Crimea to the zone of the Penza region. Camelina sativa is characterized by a high level of resistance to stressful conditions (0.49– 1.10), differs in environmental adaptability (bi=1.15–1.17), has a high fitness criterion, 41.2–41.5 g/m2, depending on the region.
The article presents an assessment of the productivity and quality of oilseeds of the Asteraceae family in the agro-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The object of the research: safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), guizotia (Guizotia abyssinica). Insufficient amount of precipitation was observed during the growing season of 2019 (Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) – 0.68). In 2020, a moderate precipitation deficiency was observed during the growing season (166.9 mm); year was characterized as arid (HTC 0.78). The growing season 2018 was severely arid (HTC 0.34). The length of the safflower growing season during the monitoring years was 108–121 days, guizotia — 111–130 days, milk thistle — from 111 to 117 days. The number of developed flower heads per one safflower plant was 15.3, guizotia – 112.5, milk thistle – 7.5. The productivity of one plant varied from 9.2 to 19.2 g; the coefficient of variation (CV) was 8.1–29.3 %.1000-seed weight did not vary significantly; CV ranged from 2.5 (guizotia) to 7.3 % (milk thistle). All crops in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region formed a high yield of oilseeds (0.88–1.68 t/ha) with oil content up to 24.51–40.62 % and were characterized as highly drought tolerant (62.1–71.3 %). Guizotia abyssinica provided a high yield of seeds (1.54–1.68 t/ha) and a significant content of oil in them (40.62 %). The drought-tolerant coefficient (DC) was 68.5 %. Carthamus tinctorius is an amazing drought tolerant plant; DC – 71.3 %. On average, its seed yield amounted to 1.37 t/ha; oil content – 24.51 %. Content of oleic acid in Silybum marianum oil was high (29.43 %), seed oil content – up to 29.31 %, seed productivity – 0.70–0.88 t/ha. In general, these crops combine high oilseeds’ productivity and quality and are of interest for introduction in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region.
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