The article considers the factors influencing the stability of agrocenoses of corn hybrids in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The researches were carried out for three years in the zone of sharply continental climate of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe on leached low- and medium-thick chernozems. The main factors influencing the stability of agrocenoses of corn hybrids were determined. So the factor of climatic conditions affects the corn hybrids, its influence is no more than 14%. The factor of pre-sowing preparation and the precursor (cereals and fallow) showed not significant effect, no more than 2%, on the formation of agrocenoses of corn hybrids. Thus, the factor genotype of the hybrid was fundamental in determining its significance for agrocenoses. The main biometric factor that determines the productivity of corn hybrids was also identified. Correlation analysis made it possible to reveal the influence of the average plant height on the productivity index of corn, as well as on the ear weight. But at the same time, it was determined that the mass of corn ears decreases with an increase in the average height, in the structure of the crop agrocenoses of corn hybrids.
В контролируемых условиях изучали влияние высокой (40 °C, 2 ч) и положительной низкой (4 °C, 2 ч) температур на ультраструктуру клеток мезофилла листа, содержание фотосинтетических пигментов, фенолов и флавоноидов у 2-недельных растений Triticum spelta. Ультраструктура клеток мезофилла листа контрольных растений была типичной: в хлоропластах правильной линзовидной формы четко просматривалась развитая тилакоидная система, погруженная в мелкозернистую строму. Кратковременная гипертермия вызывала частичную деструкцию тилакоидных мембран. Отмечены волнообразная упаковка тилакоидов гран, значительное расширение люминальних промежутков, нарушение структурной связи между тиллакоидами гран и стромы. При гипертермии митохондрии заметно «разбухали», при этом мембраны крист становились менее контрастными. В цитоплазме клеток возрастало количество липидных капель. В листьях уменьшалось содержание хлорофиллов и каротиноидов, однако возрастало количество общих фенолов и флавоноидов. Кратковременная гипотермия вызывала интенсивное образование пластоглобул, увеличение количества и размера крахмальных зерен. Деструкции тилакоидных мембран не наблюдали. Часть митохондрий (40 %) была округлой формы, их размеры были близки к контрольным показателям, встречались органеллы линзовидной, «гантелевидной» и «чашевидной» форм. В условиях гипер- и гипотермии в клетках мезофила листьев T. spelta прослеживалась тенденция усиления степени конденсации хроматина в ядре. При гипотермии содержание и соотношение хлорофиллов и каротиноидов в листьях практически не отличались от контрольных растений, значительных количественных изменений общих фенолов и флавоноидов не зафиксировано.
The results of three-year studies (2020-2022) on the effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment of grain crops (spring soft wheat, spring barley and oats) and legumes (soybeans) in terms of stimulating growth and development, increasing productivity and product quality are presented. The experiments were carried out on leached chernozem and gray forest soil of the Novosibirsk and Orda districts of the Novosibirsk region. In the experiments, we used the variety of spring soft wheat Likamero, spring barley Paustian, oats - Max and soybeans - SibNIIK 9. The largest leaf area parameters were noted in spring wheat against the background of presowing seed treatment with Lignohumate 80 g/t, followed by spraying in the tillering phase with Energia M 20 g/ha. The applied growth regulators significantly increased the yield of grain crops and soybeans. The highest yield was established in the variants with seed treatment with Lingvohumate followed by the use of Energia M in the tillering phase. The increase was 21% for spring wheat, 23% for barley and 24% for soybeans. The preparations used improved the yield structure of all crops.
The results of three-year studies (2020-2022) on the effectiveness of the use of various growth regulators in the cultivation of corn hybrids for grain in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are presented. The studies were carried out on leached chernozem of the Novosibirsk region of the Novosibirsk region and on gray forest soil of the forest-steppe zone of the Novosibirsk Ob region. It is shown that in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia it is effective to use modern innovative growth regulators and chelate fertilizers in the process of corn grain production. It has been shown that on soil types it is effective to apply growth regulators Ecofus 0.001%, Epin-Extra 0.04% l/ha and chelated organosilicon fertilizer Siliplant 0.01% with a working solution flow rate of 300 l/ha in the phase of four to six maize leaves on six hybrids. It was statistically determined that the yield of corn grain depended on the element of technology by 33, genotype - 27 and the conditions of the year 23% and green mass, respectively, 35, 29 and 25%. It was shown that growth regulators and chelate fertilizers improved the parameters of the yield structure of corn hybrids.
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