Aim. The article deals with establishing the efficiency of applying control and measuring indexes at Physical Education classes (physical development indexes, heart rate variability) as factors of health development and academic performance assessment. Materials and methods. We examined 20 fifth-grade male pupils (n = 20) from school No 90 (Togliatti), who formed the basic experimental group and followed a correction and development program. We also examined pupils of the same gender, age, and number at school No 91 (Togliatti) to form the control group with a standard school program. The following methods of diagnostics were used: a computer program ‘Express Assessment of Pupils’ Physical Health’ and heart rate variability assessment by means of Varicard 2.51 hardware and software complex. Results. The article provides the experimental justification of using the dynamics of functional indicators (physical development indexes, heart rate variability) as control and measuring indexes at Physical Education classes. We established that at the initial stage of the pedagogical experiment there were no significant differences between the indicators of physical health in the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, after lessons, including the selection of correction and development exercises depending on physical development indexes and heart rate variability, we registered a significant improvement of the parameters studied. In the control group, there were no significant changes in physical development or health status. Therefore, physiological markers provide a maximal objectivation of physical development, health, and academic progress assessment in pupils at PE lessons. Conclusion. Measuring physical development and health indexes in screening mode allows: 1) to perform a dynamic control of children ontogenesis, 2) to detect and promptly prevent dysontogenesis, 3) to prevent schoolchildren’s disadaptation after overloads.
The article presents results of a comparative survey of cardiovascular system parameters and of integral indexes of physical health diagnostics in differentiated groups of children by age and sex. The children being examined are of 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 years old. We studied the dynamics of adaptation processes, which are determined by the sex-age features of the ontogeny of the child's organism and by environmental factors, affecting the development of physical activity in the course of physical education in educational institutions. In addition, we have established sex-age patterns of children's adaptation at the stages of second childhood, adolescent, and early adolescence. The results obtained contribute to a new field of physiology, age adaptology, which allows to predict and prevent dysontogenetic abnormalities in the development of the child's organism.
The number of children born with cerebral palsy (CP) remains stably high. Novel approaches for rehabilitation of such patients are being sought. This study aimed to define the efficiency of the image visualization technologies in play activity for the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Sixteen boys with spastic diplegia aged 7–9 participated in the study. They were divided into treatment group (TG) and control group (CG), 8 children each. The TG patients were trained using the virtual reality based Krisaf training simulator twice a week for 40 minutes during 8 months. The child was suspended in the horizontal position and looked at the monitor through the specialised eyeglasses. Under the conditions of the marine environment immersion simulation with reduced gravity children performed motor tasks through play: searched for treasures, competed with dolphins etc. The CG patients attended the physical therapy lessons. Rehabilitation lessons using the virtual reality based Krisaf training simulator for children affected with spastic cerebral palsy led to a significant improvement of motor skills. Various motion tests showed an improvement over baseline, the average indicators increased 1.30–1.48 times. The difference between TG and CG results was statistically significant. In the CG referred to physical therapy the indicators increase was less than 10%, in the TG the increase reached 30–40%. It was concluded that the use of virtual reality based technologies promotes the optimization of neurophysiological processes in the motor analyzer cortical areas and better adaptation to motor loads.
20Введение. Современный этап исследований процессов адаптации к условиям среды характеризуется использованием интегративных психофизиологических (ПФ) подходов, которые позволяют сформировать целостное понимание происходящих в развивающемся организме ребенка изменениях под влиянием внешних воздействий [11,15]. Такие подходы особенно востребованы при изучении детей, взросление которых происходит в условиях изменения образа жизни под влиянием урбанизации, информатизации, нарастания учебных нагрузок, приводящих к распространен-ности среди детей школьного возраста гипокинезии, повышения заболеваемости инфекционными и хроническими патологиями, нарушения функций опорно-двигательного аппарата, эндокринной, нервно-психической и сенсорных систем. По данным НИИ физиологии детей и подростков Минздрава РФ [3], число здоровых детей в детской популяции населения РФ не превышает 10 %.Недостаточная изученность индивидуальных адаптационных возможностей детей, реакции организма ребенка на двигательную нагрузку в условиях интенсивного онтогене-УДК 796:612:371 1 Тольяттинский государственный университет, г. Тольятти, Россия, 2 Московский городской педагогический университет, г. Москва, РоссияЦель исследования. Определить у учащихся 11-16 лет с различными типами вегетативной регуляции (ТВР) сердечно-сосудистой системы (ССС) особенности их психофизиологической адаптации к учебным и физическим нагрузкам при занятиях физической культурой в условиях образовательного учреждения. Организация и методы исследования. Проведено обследование в школе № 90 г. Тольятти учащихся 5-7 классов (25 мальчиков), 8-10 классов (27 юношей), которые составили основную экспериментальную группу (ОГ). Теми же методами в школе № 5 г. Тольятти были обследованы школьники того же пола, возраста и численности, включенные в экспериментальную группу сравнения (ГС). Использовали метод диагностики вариабельности ритма сердца с помощью автоматизированной регистрации и анализа аппаратно-программным комплексом (АПК) «Варикард 2.51». Для диагностики памяти, внимания учащихся применяли компьютерную модификацию регистрации психофизиологических показателей, основанную на распознавании учеником заданных знаков-стимулов среди безразличных знаков (метод Крепелина, корректурный тест). Метод регистрации времени (с) простой сенсомоторной реакции (ВПСМР) на цветовые и геометрические стимулы использовали для определения скоростей когнитивных процессов и переработки информации. Результаты. Установлена корреляционная связь ТВР ССС и психофизиологических когнитивных показателей, определена их динамика под влиянием типологически ориентированной физической нагрузки, показано ее корректирующее и развивающее влияние на психофизические возможности учащихся. Результаты углубляют понимание интегративных механизмов психофизиологической адаптации мальчиков в критические периоды онтогенеза (препубертат, пубертат), расширяют применение типирования регуляторных систем для оптимизации физического воспитания школьников на этапах основного общего и среднего общего образования. Заключение. Совокупность п...
The environmental aspects of education include the study of the processes of adaptation of students to the effects of the school environment and increasing teaching loads. This problem most often remains an important problem of age physiology and school hygiene. However, its meaning is much broader. Modern studies of the adaptation of students to the effects of the school environment and increasing educational loads have intensified in connection with the tasks of transforming education in the direction of its ecological culture. Our study proceeds from the assumption that the possibilities of assessing the environmental friendliness or environmental culture of education may be associated with the development of an instrumental method for determining and analyzing heart rate variability, suitable for examining large contingents of students as part of such methods for assessing the environmental friendliness of education and its other characteristics as a screening method and monitoring. Evaluation of heart rate variability allows determining the state of the mechanisms of regulation of physiological functions of the human body, the activity of regulatory systems: the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, intracardiac processes of the heart, the balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
Background: The relevance of the study is determined by the negative dynamics of the health of children groups in the Russian Federation, which necessitates the search for effective methods of health-improving and corrective effects in physical education classes in schools. The physiological substantiation of the individualization of the selection of physical activities is based on the differences in the functional state of schoolchildren with different autonomic regulation types of the cardiovascular system. Methods: the method of "Rapid assessment of schoolchildren’s physical health" based on an automated computer program, which allows determining the state of the functional systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal systems) of the children’s organisms by 20 indicators. A method for diagnosing heart rate variability indicators, implemented using the Varikard 2.51 software and hardware complex, allows obtaining and analyzing more than 40 indicators of segmental and suprasegmental levels of regulation of the cardiovascular system and parameters of its functional activity. The complex application of these methods provides a comprehensive physiological picture of the adaptation, health, and functional state of school students when performing various physical activities in the educational process. Results: At the beginning of the survey, the indicators of functional systems and heart rate variability in the selected groups of children: the experimental group and the control group were determined by the features of 4 autonomic regulation types: I, II, III, and IV. Of these, I, II corresponded to the predominance of sympathetic tonic destabilizing effects on the cardiovascular system, while in IV, parasympathetic effects on the cardiovascular system prevailed, manifested in the asthenization of the functional state of children. Type III refers to the physiological norm and manifested itself in the form of a balance of regulatory influences of the parts of the autonomic nervous system. At the physical education classes of experimental group schoolchildren, the training program included specially selected sets of exercises for children with autonomic regulation types I, II, III, and IV. Conclusion: During the control examination, the indicators of adaptation and health of all types of schoolchildren improved, while no positive dynamics of physical strength, adaptation, and health indicators were observed in the control group. This indicates the effectiveness of individually typologically oriented physical education classes as having a health-improving effect on school students.
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