The article presents results of a comparative survey of cardiovascular system parameters and of integral indexes of physical health diagnostics in differentiated groups of children by age and sex. The children being examined are of 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 years old. We studied the dynamics of adaptation processes, which are determined by the sex-age features of the ontogeny of the child's organism and by environmental factors, affecting the development of physical activity in the course of physical education in educational institutions. In addition, we have established sex-age patterns of children's adaptation at the stages of second childhood, adolescent, and early adolescence. The results obtained contribute to a new field of physiology, age adaptology, which allows to predict and prevent dysontogenetic abnormalities in the development of the child's organism.
The number of children born with cerebral palsy (CP) remains stably high. Novel approaches for rehabilitation of such patients are being sought. This study aimed to define the efficiency of the image visualization technologies in play activity for the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Sixteen boys with spastic diplegia aged 7–9 participated in the study. They were divided into treatment group (TG) and control group (CG), 8 children each. The TG patients were trained using the virtual reality based Krisaf training simulator twice a week for 40 minutes during 8 months. The child was suspended in the horizontal position and looked at the monitor through the specialised eyeglasses. Under the conditions of the marine environment immersion simulation with reduced gravity children performed motor tasks through play: searched for treasures, competed with dolphins etc. The CG patients attended the physical therapy lessons. Rehabilitation lessons using the virtual reality based Krisaf training simulator for children affected with spastic cerebral palsy led to a significant improvement of motor skills. Various motion tests showed an improvement over baseline, the average indicators increased 1.30–1.48 times. The difference between TG and CG results was statistically significant. In the CG referred to physical therapy the indicators increase was less than 10%, in the TG the increase reached 30–40%. It was concluded that the use of virtual reality based technologies promotes the optimization of neurophysiological processes in the motor analyzer cortical areas and better adaptation to motor loads.
20Введение. Современный этап исследований процессов адаптации к условиям среды характеризуется использованием интегративных психофизиологических (ПФ) подходов, которые позволяют сформировать целостное понимание происходящих в развивающемся организме ребенка изменениях под влиянием внешних воздействий [11,15]. Такие подходы особенно востребованы при изучении детей, взросление которых происходит в условиях изменения образа жизни под влиянием урбанизации, информатизации, нарастания учебных нагрузок, приводящих к распространен-ности среди детей школьного возраста гипокинезии, повышения заболеваемости инфекционными и хроническими патологиями, нарушения функций опорно-двигательного аппарата, эндокринной, нервно-психической и сенсорных систем. По данным НИИ физиологии детей и подростков Минздрава РФ [3], число здоровых детей в детской популяции населения РФ не превышает 10 %.Недостаточная изученность индивидуальных адаптационных возможностей детей, реакции организма ребенка на двигательную нагрузку в условиях интенсивного онтогене-УДК 796:612:371 1 Тольяттинский государственный университет, г. Тольятти, Россия, 2 Московский городской педагогический университет, г. Москва, РоссияЦель исследования. Определить у учащихся 11-16 лет с различными типами вегетативной регуляции (ТВР) сердечно-сосудистой системы (ССС) особенности их психофизиологической адаптации к учебным и физическим нагрузкам при занятиях физической культурой в условиях образовательного учреждения. Организация и методы исследования. Проведено обследование в школе № 90 г. Тольятти учащихся 5-7 классов (25 мальчиков), 8-10 классов (27 юношей), которые составили основную экспериментальную группу (ОГ). Теми же методами в школе № 5 г. Тольятти были обследованы школьники того же пола, возраста и численности, включенные в экспериментальную группу сравнения (ГС). Использовали метод диагностики вариабельности ритма сердца с помощью автоматизированной регистрации и анализа аппаратно-программным комплексом (АПК) «Варикард 2.51». Для диагностики памяти, внимания учащихся применяли компьютерную модификацию регистрации психофизиологических показателей, основанную на распознавании учеником заданных знаков-стимулов среди безразличных знаков (метод Крепелина, корректурный тест). Метод регистрации времени (с) простой сенсомоторной реакции (ВПСМР) на цветовые и геометрические стимулы использовали для определения скоростей когнитивных процессов и переработки информации. Результаты. Установлена корреляционная связь ТВР ССС и психофизиологических когнитивных показателей, определена их динамика под влиянием типологически ориентированной физической нагрузки, показано ее корректирующее и развивающее влияние на психофизические возможности учащихся. Результаты углубляют понимание интегративных механизмов психофизиологической адаптации мальчиков в критические периоды онтогенеза (препубертат, пубертат), расширяют применение типирования регуляторных систем для оптимизации физического воспитания школьников на этапах основного общего и среднего общего образования. Заключение. Совокупность п...
The article presents the results of the use of fitness programs to optimize the functional state of the body, adaptation and health of high school girls 16-17 years old, experiencing fatigue from training loads.
Aim. The aim of this article is to develop coordination abilities in figure skaters aged 7–8 years from the initial training group with the help of a special educational and training program. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the premises of the Trud sports complex in Togliatti. Twenty figure skaters aged 7–8 years from the initial training group participated in the experiment. All participants were divided into 2 subgroups: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG), 10 girls each. The main difference between groups was the use of a special exercise program in the experimental group aimed at the development of coordination abilities in figure skaters. In the control group, classes were held according to the standard educational program. The diagnostic technique included the computer program “Researcher of temporal and spatial properties of a person version 2.1”. Results. The article provides an experimental justification for the use of a set of exercises of special physical training (SPT) for the development of coordination abilities in skaters 7–8 years old. It was shown that at the initial stage of the pedagogical experiment (PE), the psychophysiological and motor indicators in the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly. Having introduced a set of exercises in the experimental group, we received a significant improvement in the spatio-temporal indicators and motor coordination compared to the control group. Conclusion. Using a set of exercises for the development of coordination abilities in figure skaters allows improving the ability of young skaters to move on ice and developing the locomotor functions of young skaters with improved coordination abilities.
The paper is devoted to experimental justification of widespread application of individualization in choosing types and volumes of physical activity for physical education classes taking into account typological indicators. The purpose of the study was to improve the physical education of schoolchildren by developing the concept of individual-typological approach to assessing the regulation of functional systems of the body for the educational process management. Materials and methods: theoretical review of the current scientific literature on the issues allowed forming the methodology of the experimental study. The computer program Express Assessment of Physical Health (FH) and Development (FD) of Schoolchildren was used as diagnostic methods, alongside with the measurement of Quetelet, Robinson, Skibinsky, Shapovalova, Ruffier indices. In order to assess the efficiency of FE classes in the main group (MG) (experimental) and comparison group (CG) (control), heart rate variability (HRV) indicators were detected through electrocardiogram characteristics (ECG) using Varikard 2.51 hardware and software complex. The system of selection of loads at physical education classes based on typological indicators of regulation of muscular and cardio-respiratory systems was developed and tested. Mathematical and statistical processing of data was carried out by means of λ-Kolmogorsk-Smirnov one-sample test, χ 2 Pearson's parametric criterion and k-means clustering (Euclidean distance). The results of the study showed the efficiency of using individual health set of exercises to minimize functional deviations of body systems according to PD and HRV.
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