Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a systemic chronic bone metabolic disease caused by the imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption mediated by estrogen deficiency. Both exercise and natural extracts are safe and effective means to prevent and control PMOP. The additive effect of exercise synergy extract against PMOP may be no less than that of traditional medicine. However, the mechanism of action of this method has not been clarified in detail. A large number of studies have shown that the pathogenesis of PMOP mainly involves the OPG-RANKL-RANK system, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Based on the abovementioned approaches, the present study reviews the anti-PMOP effects and mechanisms of exercise and natural extracts. Finally, it aims to explore the possibility of the target of the two combined anti-PMOP through this approach, thereby providing a new perspective for joint intervention research and providing a new direction for the treatment strategy of PMOP.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polyester polymer that is produced from renewable resources, such as corn or other carbohydrate sources. However, its poor toughness limits its commercialization. PLA composites can meet the growing performance needs of various fields, but limited research has focused on their sustainable applications in sports. This paper reviews the latest research on PLA and its composites by describing the characteristics, production, degradation process, and the latest modification methods of PLA. Then, it discusses the inherent advantages of PLA composites and expounds on different biodegradable materials and their relationship with the properties of PLA composites. Finally, the importance and application prospects of PLA composites in the field of sports are emphasized. Although PLA composites mixed with natural biomass materials have not been mass produced, they are expected to be sustainable materials used in various industries because of their simple process, nontoxicity, biodegradability, and low cost.

This work aimed to study the intervention effect of exercise on lipid metabolism in NAFLD rats, provide a more scientific experimental basis for exploring and improving the theoretical system of exercise intervention in NAFLD, and further provide a theoretical research basis for clinical treatment of NAFLD. Forty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank control group (BC,14) and a model group (MO, 26). After 6°weeks of modeling, the MO group was randomly divided into the model control group (MC, 12) and the aerobic exercise group (AE, 12). Platform running intervention in group E was conducted at a slope of 0°, a speed of 15 m/min, 1 h/time, once a day, six times a week, and a day of rest, for 8°weeks in total. After the intervention, the liver tissues of rats were taken for pathological sections, and serum was taken and analyzed for TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and FFA levels. Under the light microscope, the liver tissue structure of rats in the BC group was complete and clear, the structure of liver lobules was clear and normal, the volume of hepatocytes was uniform, the nucleus was in the middle, and the cytoplasm was red-stained, and no steatosis of hepatocytes was found. The liver of rats in the MC group showed diffuse fatty lesions, disordered structure of hepatic lobules, disordered arrangement of hepatic cords, different sizes of hepatocytes, loose cytoplasm, and diffuse lipid droplets of different sizes in the cytoplasm. The accumulation of liver lipid droplets in the AE group was improved compared with the MC group, the number of fat vacuoles in hepatocytes was significantly reduced, and the degree of liver lipid deposition was reduced. Compared with the BC group, the content of TC, TG, LDL-C, and FFA in the serum of the MC group increased significantly (p < 0.01), and the content of HDL-C decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Compared with the MC group, the content of TC, TG, LDL-C, and FFA in the serum of the AE group decreased significantly (p < 0.01/p < 0.05), and the content of HDL-C increased significantly (p < 0.01). Therefore, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has an intervention effect on lipid metabolism in NAFLD rats, which can be used as one of the means to treat NAFLD.

Objective. To observe the improvement effect of aerobic exercise on liver tissue of rats with NAFLD, explore whether it can reduce NAFLD symptoms without drug dependence, and provide certain data support for the relief of NAFLD by aerobic exercise. Methods. 40 healthful male SD rats have been divided into ordinary diet and high-fat diet. To observe whether the molding is forming after 6 weeks, then divide the rats into control (C), model (M), and exercise (E) group. E group received 8-week aerobic exercise intervention. Serum and liver samples were taken and analyzed after the last intervention. Results. The morphological of hepatocytes between C and M group becomes different, and the accumulation of fat and inflammatory cells was significant, suggesting that NAFLD symptoms appeared, that is, the model was successfully established. Compared with M group, the morphology of rats in E group was improved in varying degrees. The quantity of ALT, AST, and MDA of rats in M group is increased, and the SOD activity is significantly reduced ( P < 0.01 ). However, aerobic exercise intervention changed those result ( P < 0.01 ). Conclusions. Aerobic exercise can relieve oxidative stress damage, lipid peroxidation levels, and chronic inflammatory status in rats with NAFLD, which can reduce NAFLD symptoms without drug dependence, and is expected to become a means of NAFLD treatment.

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