“…Figure 2 shows the XRD (Figure 2a) and FTIR (Figure 2b) spectral analyses of the sample structures. Diffraction peaks are observed at 2θ = ~15.4° and 22.5° in the XRD pattern of MCC, corresponding to the type Ⅰ crystal lattice of cellulose [37][38][39]. The typical diffraction peaks centered at 2θ = ~18.7°, 22.4°, and 31.7° are observed in the XRD pattern of poplar lignin, possibly corresponding to the alkyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups in the lignin structure [40,41].…”
Section: Properties Of Lignocellulose-based Precursormentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Figure 2b shows FTIR spectra of samples. The -OH stretching vibrations are observed between 3100 and 3500 cm -1 ; the bands between 2700 and 3000 cm -1 are attributed to the C-H stretching vibrations of the alkyl group [37][38][39]; the characteristic absorption bands are observed at 1645, 1647, 1660, 1730, and 1733 cm -1 , corresponding to C=O derived from aldehyde and carboxyl [42]; and the bands at 1040, 1050, and 1052 cm -1 correspond to C-O/C-O-C stretching vibrations. The IR absorption peaks of poplar lignin at 1601, 1513, and 1464 cm −1 are attributed to characteristic stretching vibrations of the aromatic skeleton [29,43], which are observed in the FTIR spectrum of the L-precursor at 1610, 1510, and 1450 cm −1 , respectively.…”
Section: Properties Of Lignocellulose-based Precursormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The broad diffraction peak indicates the disordered carbonaceous structure of CFs [50,51]. According to Scherrer formula [39]:…”
Skeletal muscles exhibit excellent properties due to their well-developed microstructures. Taking inspiration from nature that thick filaments and thin filaments are linked by “cross-bridges”, leading to good stability and ion transport performance of muscles. In this work, extracted poplar lignin and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were connected by biomimetic covalent bonds, akin to biological muscle tissue, in which isophorone diisocyanate was used as the chemical crosslinking agent. Then, poplar lignin–MCC was mixed with polyacrylonitrile to serve as the precursor for electrospinning. The results show that due to the effective covalent-bond connection, the precursor fibers possess excellent morphology, smooth surface, good thermal stability, and high flexibility and toughness (average elongation-at-break is 51.84%). Therefore, after thermal stabilization and carbonization, derived lignocellulose-based carbon fibers (CFs) with a reduced cost, complete fiber morphology with a uniform diameter (0.48 ± 0.22 μm), and high graphitization degree were obtained. Finally, the electrodes fabrication and electrochemical testing were carried out. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicate that the Rs and Rct values of CFs supercapacitors are 1.18 Ω and 0.14 Ω, respectively. Results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) suggest that these CFs demonstrate great application potential in electrochemical materials.
“…Figure 2 shows the XRD (Figure 2a) and FTIR (Figure 2b) spectral analyses of the sample structures. Diffraction peaks are observed at 2θ = ~15.4° and 22.5° in the XRD pattern of MCC, corresponding to the type Ⅰ crystal lattice of cellulose [37][38][39]. The typical diffraction peaks centered at 2θ = ~18.7°, 22.4°, and 31.7° are observed in the XRD pattern of poplar lignin, possibly corresponding to the alkyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups in the lignin structure [40,41].…”
Section: Properties Of Lignocellulose-based Precursormentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Figure 2b shows FTIR spectra of samples. The -OH stretching vibrations are observed between 3100 and 3500 cm -1 ; the bands between 2700 and 3000 cm -1 are attributed to the C-H stretching vibrations of the alkyl group [37][38][39]; the characteristic absorption bands are observed at 1645, 1647, 1660, 1730, and 1733 cm -1 , corresponding to C=O derived from aldehyde and carboxyl [42]; and the bands at 1040, 1050, and 1052 cm -1 correspond to C-O/C-O-C stretching vibrations. The IR absorption peaks of poplar lignin at 1601, 1513, and 1464 cm −1 are attributed to characteristic stretching vibrations of the aromatic skeleton [29,43], which are observed in the FTIR spectrum of the L-precursor at 1610, 1510, and 1450 cm −1 , respectively.…”
Section: Properties Of Lignocellulose-based Precursormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The broad diffraction peak indicates the disordered carbonaceous structure of CFs [50,51]. According to Scherrer formula [39]:…”
Skeletal muscles exhibit excellent properties due to their well-developed microstructures. Taking inspiration from nature that thick filaments and thin filaments are linked by “cross-bridges”, leading to good stability and ion transport performance of muscles. In this work, extracted poplar lignin and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were connected by biomimetic covalent bonds, akin to biological muscle tissue, in which isophorone diisocyanate was used as the chemical crosslinking agent. Then, poplar lignin–MCC was mixed with polyacrylonitrile to serve as the precursor for electrospinning. The results show that due to the effective covalent-bond connection, the precursor fibers possess excellent morphology, smooth surface, good thermal stability, and high flexibility and toughness (average elongation-at-break is 51.84%). Therefore, after thermal stabilization and carbonization, derived lignocellulose-based carbon fibers (CFs) with a reduced cost, complete fiber morphology with a uniform diameter (0.48 ± 0.22 μm), and high graphitization degree were obtained. Finally, the electrodes fabrication and electrochemical testing were carried out. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicate that the Rs and Rct values of CFs supercapacitors are 1.18 Ω and 0.14 Ω, respectively. Results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) suggest that these CFs demonstrate great application potential in electrochemical materials.
Fluorescent tunable materials have potential applications in lighting, display, anti‐counterfeiting, biological probes, and so on. Herein, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with blue fluorescence (BCDs), and yellow fluorescence (YCDs) were synthesized by solvothermal method using bio‐based citric acid and lignin as carbon sources, respectively. BCDs and YCDs were anchored on polyurethane chains to prepare waterborne polyurethane‐based blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots (BCDs1.0‐WPU) and waterborne polyurethane‐based yellow fluorescent carbon quantum dots (YCDs1.0‐WPU), respectively. Compared with the corresponding BCDs and YCDs, the fluorescence intensity of both BCDs1.0‐WPU and YCDs1.0‐WPU is markedly enhanced, and the emission peaks obviously show a hypochromatic shift. A waterborne polyurethane‐based fluorescent tunable carbon quantum dots (BCDsxYPDs1‐x‐WPU) is prepared by mixing the ratio of BCDs1.0‐WPU and YCDs1.0‐WPU with the RGB method. It is noteworthy that BCDsxYCDs1‐x‐WPU not only achieves a fluent change of fluorescence from blue to yellow but also emits strong white fluorescence (CIE coordinates: X = 0.28, Y = 0.32). The absolute value of the Zeta potential of BCDsxYCDs1‐x‐WPU is greater than 40, indicating good storage stability. Furthermore, the thermal decomposition temperature is above 225 °C, implying good thermal stability. Furthermore, BCDsxYCDs1‐x‐WPU uses water as a continuous phase and has potential applications in environmentally friendly luminescence, anti‐counterfeiting and biological probes.
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