ABSTRAKPengembangan padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong cukup berprospek. Namun, produktivitas padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong masih tergolong rendah karena inefisiensi dalam penggunaan input atau faktorfaktor produksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usahatani padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong; 2) menganalisis efisiensi teknis usahatani padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong; dan 3) menganalisis tingkat pendapatan yang diperoleh dalam usahatani padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong. Metode penelitian menggunakan fungsi produksi stochastic frontier dengan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamapatan Cigombong pada Bulan Januari 2013 hingga Desember 2013. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan jenis data cross section dan diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung kepada petani sampel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel luas lahan (X1), benih (X2), kompos (X3), urea (X4). dan tenaga kerja (X5) berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi dengan nilai koefisien positif. Variabel luas lahan, kompos, dan urea berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi padi semi organik pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%, benih berpengaruh nyata pada tingkat kepercayaan 90%, dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh nyata pada tingkat kepercayaan 85%. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa usahatani padi semi organik yang dilakukan oleh petani responden di Kecamatan Cigombong tergolong efisien secara teknis (nilai mean efisiensinya sebesar 0,78). Status kepemilikan lahan merupakan sumber inefesiensi teknis yang berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan efisiensi teknis. Selain itu, usahatani padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong tergolong menguntungkan (keuntungan Rp 3.233.498,09) dan layak diusahakan (nilai R/C ratio atas biaya tunai sebesar 1,42 dan nilai R/C ratio atas biaya total sebesar 1,24). Kata kunci: Efisiensi Teknis, Padi Semi Organik, Stochastic Frontier ABSTRACTThe development of semi-organic rice in Cigombong Sub-district is quite prospective. However, semi-organic rice productivity in Cigombong Sub-district is still relatively low due to the inefficiencies in the use of inputs or production factors. The aims of this study are 1) to analyze the factors that influence the production of semi-organic rice farming in Cigombong Sub-district; 2) to analyze the technical efficieny of semi-organic farming in Cigombong Sub-district; and 3) to analyze the income of semi-organic farming in Cigombong Sub-district. Stochastic Frontier Production function with Maximum likelihood estimation method is used to analyze the problems. The research was done in Cigombong Subdistrict between January 2013 -December 2013. Purposive sampling was used to take the research sample. This research used cross section data by direct interview to the sample farmers.The research shows that land variable, seed, compost, urea and labour have positive significant effects on semi-organic rice production. Land variable, compost, da...

ABSTRACT

<strong>English</strong><br />Pati includes the prospective regencies for accelerating the growth rate and area diversification of shallot production in Central Java. However, the shallot production and productivity in Pati were unstable with a decreasing trend in recent years. The objective of this study is to evaluate the status and determinants of the shallot production efficiency using the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function. The research was conducted in three production centers sub-districts, Wedarijaksa, Batangan, and Jaken, in October 2017. The primary data were collected by interviewing 33 respondents which were selected through the stratified sampling technique. The results indicated that shallot farmers were efficient technically, but not economically and allocatively. Two significant determinants of the technical efficiency were the length of farming experience (positively related) and farmers’ age (negatively related). The farmers group membership and access to extension services were not significant, but both have positive effects on technical efficiency. Production efficiency may be increased through inputs use optimization that include reducing of anorganic fertilizer, increasing the quantity of organic fertilizer and seed, using of the true shallot seed and implementation of Integrated Pest Management. Improving the functions of agriculture extentions and farmers’ groups should also enhance shallot farming efficiency.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Kabupaten Pati termasuk kabupaten di Jawa Tengah yang dipandang prospektif untuk percepatan peningkatan dan diversifikasi wilayah produksi bawang merah. Namun, produksi dan produktivitas bawang merah di Kabupaten Pati tidak stabil dan cenderung turun akhir-akhir ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status dan determinan efisiensi produksi bawang merah tersebut dengan fungsi produksi stokastik frontier Cobb-Douglas. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga kecamatan sentra produksi yaitu Wedarijaksa, Batangan, dan Jaken pada Oktober 2017. Data primer diperoleh dengan mewawancarai 33 orang responden yang dipilih secara stratified sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani bawang merah di Kabupaten Pati sudah efisien secara teknis, namun belum efisien secara ekonomis dan alokatif. Ditemukan dua faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap efisiensi teknis, yaitu lama pengalaman menjadi petani (berpengaruh positif) dan umur petani (berpengaruh negatif). Keanggotaan kelompok tani dan akses penyuluhan berpengaruh positif, namun tidak nyata. Efisiensi dapat ditingkatkan melalui optimalisasi penggunaan input-input produksi, termasuk dengan mengurangi jumlah penggunaan pupuk anorganik, menambah jumlah pupuk organik dan benih, menggunakan benih jenis biji botani, dan menerapkan sistem Pengendalian Hama Terpadu. Peningkatan fungsi penyuluh pertanian dan kelompok tani termasuk strategi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi usaha tani bawang.

The performance of fisheries processing industry could be known through the production of processed fish and income which obtained by the entrepreneurs. Fisheries processing in Sukabumi Regency as an industry certainly has various factors that influence its performance. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of MSMEs and MSME actors characteristics on the performance of MSMEs in Sukabumi Regency. The research was conducted in Sukabumi Regency with the consideration that Sukabumi has superior MSME fishery processing industry products. The data used in the research were obtained from the results of interviews using the questionnaire. The number of samples used was 99 units of MSMEs which were selected by proportional cluster random sampling technique. The research data obtained were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with the help of SmartPLS 3.2.7 software. The results showed that the characteristics of MSMEs had a positive and significant effect on the performance of MSMEs, and the characteristics of MSME actors consisting of demographic, psychological and cultural characteristics had a positive and significant effect on the performance of MSMEs. Based on these results, a psychological and cultural approach is needed for each program that will be carried out related to improving the performance of MSMEs in the fisheries processing industry in Sukabumi Regency.

Indonesia is the heaven of tropical fruits. However, as tropical fruits are perishable, the specific supply chain is needed to ensure the fruits are able to reach the customers in good condition. West Java Province is one of fruits producing centers in Indonesia. Anto Wijaya Fruit is a prominent company of fruits supply, especially for mango, in West Java. This study aims to (1) identify fruit supply chain management before the pandemic, (2) analyze the emerging challenges due to the outbreak, and (3) propose a scheme of fruits supply chain in response to the Covid-19 pandemic in the case of Anto Wijaya Fruit. This study was conducted from January to May 2020. Several key persons were interviewed along the chain from the producers up to the end customers. Qualitative analysis was employed in the framework of Food Supply Chain Networking (FSCN). The results showed that, firstly, Anto Wijaya Fruit mango supply chain has not been implemented optimally. This is seen from the supply chain business process flow that has not been integrated as a whole, in supply chain management contractual agreements have not yet been made between farmers and company, Anto wijaya fruits mango supply chain has not been implemented optimally. This is seen from the supply chain business process flow that has not been integrated as a whole, in supply chain management contractual agreements have not yet been made between farmers and company, then the supply chain resources in cultivation activities until distribution is still done simply. Companies need to optimize the use of technology for supply chain effectiveness and improve company management systems to make planning and control. Secondly, there were several challenges such as movement restrictions, shorter operating time of the markets and sales are made online that affected the supply chain management of the company. Lastly, in response to these challenges, a scheme using internet and communication technology (ICT) is proposed.

The supply of palm oil products is still a central issue in international trade. Indonesia and Malaysia are major suppliers, contributing around 85% of world palm oil. Hence, both countries have an important role, as well as competing with each other in international trade. The palm oil products usually in high demand worldwide include Crude Palm Oil (CPO), which is the main and its derivative products such as Refined Bleached Deodorized (RBD) palm olein and Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). Therefore, the research aims at assessing the competitiveness of palm oil products between Indonesia and Malaysia in international trade. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and products mapping methods were used in this assessment. The results show that, the value of RCA of Indonesian CPO showed a negative trend, although, still higher than Malaysia, though with positive trend. However, Indonesian RBD palm olein and PFAD have a positive trend compared with Malaysia. Upon using the method of products mapping, it was found that, the palm oil products of both countries were in group A. This is an indication that the products have comparative advantage and export specialization. Therefore, there is need for strategic policies, in both countries, for supporting oil palm activities at the downstream. This will enhance the production of derivative products with the capacity of also meeting demands in the international trade.

Transformation needs to be carried out by various scales of business including Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Cultive Apparel is one of the clothing MSMEs that has experienced a decline in business performance since digital development. This study aims to analyze the causes of the gap between actual and expected conditions, identify and map business environmental factors, and formulate digital business strategies. Data analysis use spider web, IFE and EFE analysis (PESTEL and 5 Forces Porter), IE matrix, and QSPM Matrix. The results show a gap in the lack of product promotion activities in the digital. The main strength lies in the product brands that are known by consumers. The biggest weakness is the limited human resources. The greatest opportunities for a price match with suppliers and consumer loyalty. The biggest threat to suppliers who carry out direct retail sales to consumers and price wars. IE matrix shows the company is in quadrant II. Strategies that can be carried out in this quadrant are intensive and integrative strategies. QSPM matrix showed that the company should develop the market. Managerial implications are carried out by improving digital infrastructure, improving operational capabilities, developing market segments, and increasing the intensity of digital marketing.

PENDAHULUAN LATAR BELAKANGKaret alam merupakan salah satu dari beberapa komoditi perkebunan yang diperdagangkan di dunia. Komoditi ini merupakan komoditi yang memiliki nilai guna yang cukup penting bagi kalangan industri di negara-negara maju seperti Amerika, Jepang, China dan lain sebagainya. Negara-negara berkembang yang wilayahnya berada disekitar khatulistiwa pada umumnya merupakan negara yang dapat menghasilkan komoditi karet ini, termasuk diantaranya negara-negara yang berada di kawasan Asia Tenggara (ASEAN). Selain itu, karet alam ini merupakan salah satu komoditi industri hasil tanaman tropis yang mempunyai peranan penting dan strategis dalam mendukung perekonomian nasional, utamanya sebagai sumber perolehan devisa dan sumber nafkah berjuta-juta petani karet di pedesaan sehingga dapat membendung arus urbanisasi, serta sebagai penyedia lapangan kerja bagi buruh pabrik karet.Penting dan strategisnya komoditi karet alam ini tidak hanya dirasakan oleh negaranegara produsen karet alam, seperti Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Thailand dan Malaysia, tetapi juga dirasakan oleh negaranegara konsumen/pengimpor. Negaranegara konsumen mempunyai kepentingan yang kuat akan kesinambungan pasokan karet alam sebagai bahan baku industri strategis, seperti industri ban otomotif, industri peralatan militer, industri sarana medis (sarung tangan, kondom, catether) dan lain-lain. Disatu pihak, negara-negara produsen menginginkan harga yang tinggi, namun di lain pihak, negara-negara konsumen menginginkan harga yang rendah. Oleh karena itu, keseimbangan antara produksi karet alam (yang dipasok oleh negara-negara produsen) dengan konsumsi (untuk kebutuhan industri di negara-negara konsumen), sangat menentukan terciptanya harga yang saling menguntungkan bagi kedua belah pihak (negara produsen dan negara konsumen).