The supply of palm oil products is still a central issue in international trade. Indonesia and Malaysia are major suppliers, contributing around 85% of world palm oil. Hence, both countries have an important role, as well as competing with each other in international trade. The palm oil products usually in high demand worldwide include Crude Palm Oil (CPO), which is the main and its derivative products such as Refined Bleached Deodorized (RBD) palm olein and Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). Therefore, the research aims at assessing the competitiveness of palm oil products between Indonesia and Malaysia in international trade. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and products mapping methods were used in this assessment. The results show that, the value of RCA of Indonesian CPO showed a negative trend, although, still higher than Malaysia, though with positive trend. However, Indonesian RBD palm olein and PFAD have a positive trend compared with Malaysia. Upon using the method of products mapping, it was found that, the palm oil products of both countries were in group A. This is an indication that the products have comparative advantage and export specialization. Therefore, there is need for strategic policies, in both countries, for supporting oil palm activities at the downstream. This will enhance the production of derivative products with the capacity of also meeting demands in the international trade.
Specific targets for this study is to increase the income of seaweed farmers through increasing regional competitiveness in South Sulawesi Province and an arrangement for alternative policy patterns in the development of seaweed agribusiness in Bulukumba Regency. The research location is in Bulukumba Regency which one of the centers of seaweed production in South Sulawesi Province. This research was descriptive qualitative-quantitative research. The survey research method was used as the basis of the research design. Data collection was carried out using individual interviews and in-depth interviews through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) for socio-economic institutions of seaweed farmers, policymakers and stakeholders. The results showed that the feasibility level of seaweed farming was quite high even though there were variations between regions. The variation in the lower level of profitability of farming in the Bonto Bahari Sub District area which is allegedly caused by the pollution impact caused by the operation of an asphalt processing plant in the local seaweed cultivation area. The institution of seaweed farmers has not yet functioned well even though there are still farmers who do not have a group. It is recommended to develop the seaweed business both in scale and the number of its business units and to conduct a special study of the role of institutions and the environmental impacts that are allegedly caused by asphalt processing plants.
Cocoa is one of the plantation’s leading commodities which has a considerable contribution to the Indonesian economy, including sources of farmers’ income, producers of industrial raw materials, and creators of employment. The free and competitive facing of free trade, requires that plantation products have competitiveness in order to be able to survive and attract the public compared to similar imported commodity products. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of cocoa commodities in South Sulawesi and analyze the impact of government policies on the competitiveness of cocoa commodities in South Sulawesi. The analysis method uses the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Through this matrix, the criteria for Private Cost Ratio (PCR) and the Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR) that can be competitive and comparative advantages can be calculated. The results of this study indicate that cocoa commodities have competitiveness seen from comparative and competitive advantages as indicated by the value of DRCR<1 and DRCR<1. The value of cocoa commodities of DRCR and RBP is 0.20 and 0.22. The smaller the value of DRCR and RBP is obtained, the higher the level of comparative and competitive advantages possessed. Government policies on input-output that have been in effect so far have not been effectively protected by cocoa farmers, which means the government has not had a positive impact on cocoa commodities in South Sulawesi. This can be seen from the private price which is lower than the social price.
The period of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has not yet fully passed, so various strategies are needed that can minimize fluctuations in household food needs. Continuous optimization of yard land can provide nutritional fulfillment solutions for people both plant and animal and an increase in the PPH score by 11.90-20.46 percent. The description of the government’s strategy in agriculture through the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, that the system of cultivation of verticulture crops, hydroganic, aquaponics, hydroponics, tabulapot, and shelter houses is very easy for every household in Indonesia to do. People can use empty or derelict yard land integrated by suitable or cultivating livestock/fish to obtain family nutrition and economic resources. This review raises several models of household yard management that have been studied by previous researchers so that the community can imitate or apply directly in the yard.
The entrepreneurial characteristics of farmers have a significant effect on the performance of the beef cattle business. Entrepreneurial skills can encompass a broad range of various skill sets such as technical skills, leadership and business management skills and creative thinking. So, it is important to do further analysis whether entrepreneurial characteristics and innovation characteristics can affect the increase in entrepreneurial skills of Madura cattle farmers. This research was conducted on Madurese cattle farmers in the Sumenep area, Madura Islands. The number of respondents involved was 96 Madura Cattle farmers. The location selection and sampling were carried out by using a purposive method and a census of Madura cattle farmers. Collecting data using a questionnaire instrument with a measuring scale of 1 to 5. Data analysis using partial least squares is a model that connects a response variable with a set of predictor variables. Based on the results of data processing, it was found that Entrepreneur Characteristics and Innovation Characteristics has a significant effect on Entrepreneurial Skill.
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