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Eugenia uniflora L. é utilizada popularmente como anti-hipertensivo, diurético, adstringente, entre outros. Objetivou-se estudar a anatomia das folhas e caule jovem de E. uniflora e fazer o estudo farmacognóstico para a identificação e controle de qualidade da matéria prima vegetal. O material botânico foi coletado em Goiânia, Goiás, dessecado e pulverizado. Determinaram-se os teores de umidade, cinzas totais e insolúveis em ácido. Nas análises microscópicas utilizaram-se as colorações: azul de Alcian/safranina 9:1, Steinmetz, Sudan III, cloreto férrico, lugol, safrablau. O material pulverizado foi utilizado para a triagem fitoquímica, obtenção do extrato etanólico bruto e posteriormente as frações. Por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) avaliou-se o perfil cromatográfico das frações. Observaram-se na epiderme da face adaxial da folha, células com paredes anticlinais espessadas, sinuosas e na face abaxial, a presença de estômatos predominantemente anomocíticos. O pecíolo apresentou forma côncava-convexa com parênquima cortical contendo cristais em forma de drusa. Verificou-se no caule jovem em secção transversal forma oval, colênquima com uma a duas camadas de células. Na triagem fitoquímica evidenciou-se a presença de taninos, esteróides, triterpenos, heterosídeos antraquinônicos, saponínicos e flavonóides e em CCD, a presença de flavonóides, taninos e terpenos. Os resultados obtidos podem ajudar na identificação morfo-anatômica de E. uniflora, assim como nos parâmetros de controle de qualidade para a identificação da matéria-prima.

The environmental risk of nanomaterials (NMs) designed and used in nanoremediation process is of emerging concern, but their ecotoxic effects to aquatic organism remains unclear. In this study, the citrate-coated (maghemite) nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized and its genotoxic and mutagenic effects were investigated in the female guppy Poecilia reticulata. Fish were exposed to IONPs at environmentally relevant iron concentration (0.3 mg L) during 21 days and the animals were collected at the beginning of the experiment and after 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure. The genotoxicity and mutagenicity were evaluated in terms of DNA damage (comet assay), micronucleus (MN) test and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA) frequency. Results showed differential genotoxic and mutagenic effects of IONPs in the P. reticulata according to exposure time. The IONP induced DNA damage in P. reticulata after acute (3 and 7 days) and long-term exposure (14 and 21 days), while the mutagenic effects were observed only after long-term exposure. The DNA damage and the total ENA frequency increase linearly over the exposure time, indicating a higher induction rate of clastogenic and aneugenic effects in P. reticulata erythrocytes after long-term exposure to IONPs. Results indicated that the P. reticulata erythrocytes are target of ecotoxicity of IONPs.

Ecotoxicity of glyphosate (GLY) and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) was investigated in guppies, Poecilia reticulata. We tested the effects of these chemicals on the gills and liver of both male and female guppies using qualitative and quantitative histopathological analyses associated with histopathological condition indexes. Both genders showed similar median lethal concentration (LC ) at 96 h for GLY (68.78 and 70.87 mg l ) and AMPA (180 and 164.32 mg l ). However, the histopathological assessment of both fish organs exposed to sublethal concentrations of GLY (35 mg l ) and AMPA (82 mg l ) for 96 h showed a tissue- and gender-specific histopathological response. In both exposure assays, fish presented mainly progressive changes, such as proliferation of the interlamellar epithelium, partial and total fusion of secondary lamellae. The liver showed mainly regressive changes, such as steatosis, pyknotic nuclei and high distribution of collagen fibers. Unusually large hepatocytes as degenerated cells were also detected. Histopathological changes in gills were similar for the males and females, but the liver response was different between the genders. The hepatic inflammatory changes were more common in males. The increase in the area of hepatocyte vacuoles is gender dependent with higher values in the male compared to the female guppies exposed to GLY and AMPA. Multiparametric analysis indicated that the male guppies are more sensitive than females, particularly in the presence of AMPA. Our study shows that the histopathological assessment associated with gender-specific response can be successfully used in ecotoxicological assessment of GLY and the metabolite AMPA. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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