Cabai merah besar (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan komoditas yang sangat dibutuhkan, khususnya dalam industri makanan dan kebutuhannya sering meningkat. Kebutuhannya yang meningkat tersebut berbanding terbalik dengan ketersediaan cabai yang tidak dapat terpenuhi. Penyebabnya antara lain adanya kendala serangan lalat buah (Bactrocera spp.) yang selalu terjadi pada tanaman cabai. Gejala yang ditimbulkan berupa adanya lubang kecil pada buah cabai, buah rontok dan terdapat larva di dalam buah. Pengendalian yang sering dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan insektisida kimia yang dapat mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu solusinya adalah dengan pemanfaatan tanaman refugia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tanaman refugia terhadap serangan lalat buah pada tanaman cabai dan efektifitasnya tanaman kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) dan marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) dalam menekan serangan lalat buah pada tanaman cabai. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan, kontrol (T0), tanaman kenikir dan marigold ditanam bersama cabai (T1), tanaman kenikir ditanam bersama cabai (T2), tanaman marigold ditanam bersama cabai (T3) dan diulang sebanyak enam kali. Hasil pengamatan, tanaman refugia berpengaruh terhadap serangan lalat buah. Tanaman refugia jenis marigold, intensitas serangan lalat buah mencapai 6,01% dan 19,30%, sedangkan jenis kenikir intensitas serangannya mencapai 13,61% dan 33,61%.
The dominance of water lettuce as one of the wetland weeds can cause a decrease in biodiversity in an ecosystem. Spodoptera pectinicornis can be a biological control agent for these weeds but requires a mass multiplication stage, so it is necessary to research feedstock in their augmentation. The research aimed to study the preferences and survival abilities of larvae S. pectinicornis to three forms of feed preparation made from water lettuce leaves. The research method had carried out in 2 stages (1) feedstocks form; an extracted water lettuce, mashed and cut into pieces (2) the addition of nutrients and preservatives to feedstocks. Observations had been made on the preferences and ability of the larvae to survive. The results showed that the larvae of S. pectinicornis had a preference and could survive on cut water lettuce feedstock, while in extracted and mashed died. The addition of nutrients and preservatives to the cut-up feed turned out to cause the larvae to stay away from the feed preparation and eventually die. Based on these, larvae S. pectinicornis only prefer to eat the feedstock in cutting form than enrich it with nutrients and preservatives.
This study aims to examine the life balance of the biological control agent Spodoptera pectinicornis fed Pistia stratiotes with NPK and AB mix fertilization.. The research was carried out from March to May 2021 at the Laboratory Pengendalian Hayati and Greenhouse Entomology Faculty of Agriculture University Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru. The data in this study were analyzed descriptively by calculating the population. S. pectinicornis in one life cycle. There are 3 treatments and 3 replications on the 100 egg s. pectinicornis, The highest gross reproductive rate (GRR) was in the AB mix treatment of 1912 individuals/generation. The highest net reproduction rate (Ro) was found in the AB mix treatment of 129.520. The average value of the shortest generation period (T) in the NPK fertilizer treatment was only 26.334 days. The highest intrinsic growth rate (r) was found in the AB mix fertilizer treatment of 0.164 individuals/parent/day. The calculation of the limited growth rate (λ) showed that the AB mix treatment had the highest population increase of 1,174 individuals/parent/day. Apu wood treated with NPK and AB mix fertilizers can increase the rate of population development in the life table of the insect S. pectinicornis.
Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a commodity that has high economic value, but the potential loss experienced in chili cultivation is also quite high, because chili is quite vulnerable to fruit fly pests. This study aims to determine the response of fruit flies to the use of pheromones derived from various kinds of fruit peels and flesh added with yeast (organic pheromones). This research took place on chili farmers' land located in the village of Tambak Langsat, West Ulin Platform, Banjarbaru City. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 11 treatments including the control. The results showed that the treatment given organic pheromones was able to trap fruit flies. Of all the pheromones that were most effective at getting lots of fruit flies was the chili pheromone (0.2 ml) with a catch of 25 individuals and for organic pheromones that were less effective was the mango pheromone (0.2 ml) with a catch of 4 individuals. The type of fruit fly B. dorsalis dominates of the four species with the Diversity Index (H´) of fruit flies being classified as moderate, namely 1.1082, the Dominance Index (D) being high 1 and for fruit flies dominating B. dorsalis.
Research on the life cycle and life balance of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E Smith) has been conducted from September to November 2021 at the Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Pests and Plant Diseases ULM Banjarbaru. The results showed that S. frugiperda underwent changes from egg, larva, pupa and imago stages. This change is called complete metamorphosis. The average number of eggs produced is 45.14 eggs with an egg stage of 7 days, the larval stage has 6 instars, each time span (days) ranges from 2.4 to 3.4, the pupal stage is 7.5 days and the imago stage with brown wings. The male imago has a distinctive pattern while the female imago does not have a distinctive pattern. Imago male with a vulnerable time of 8 days while the female imago 9 days. From the life table, it is known that the GRR value is 316 individuals/generation, the R˳ value is 115.916 individuals/parent/generation, the T value is 30,197 days, the r value is 0.157 individuals/parent/day and the value is 1,170 individuals/parent/day.
Plant Pest Organisms (PPO) that have recently become a problem in corn cultivation are Fall Armyworm (FAW) or the armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith. The damage of S. frugiperda on sweet corn and feed is thought to be different and is not yet known. This study aims to determine the level of destruction of S. frugiperda on sweet corn and feed with control treatment of biological pesticides on papaya leaves and garlic, 30 ml/l water, 40 ml/l water, and 50 ml/l water. This study used a completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. Corn varieties and concentrations of vegetable pesticides. The treatments used in this study were water control, chemical control, and three treatments of biological pesticide concentration with four replications. The results of observations 1-3 (age 0-2 weeks after planting/ WAP) have not found an attack, occurred on the study to 4-7 (age 3-6 WAP). Pesticides of papaya leaf and garlic affected the destructive power of S. frugiperda, where the concentration factor on the incidence of attack and attack intensity had a very significant effect, an interval of the variety factor had to make a difference on the incidence of attack but did not significantly affect the potency of the attack. The 50 ml/l concentration treatment on sweet corn and feed varieties was the best in suppressing the percentage of attack (12.50; 23.40%), attack intensity (5.92; 8.00%), and damage to the cob (1.79); 4.79%).
Oryza sativa L. can be called an important commodity because it is used as a staple food. Farmers in cultivating rice expect high yields, but there are obstacles that cause yields to decline, namely the attack of the Brown Stem Planthopper (BSP) (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) which can lead to crop failure. Farmers controlling N. lugens still use insecticides. Control by using insecticides is known to have a negative impact on users and the environment and can cause resistance, resurgence and residue. One of the safe controls is the use of Beauveria bassiana as an entomopathogenic fungus. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of B. bassiana cultured on various media in controlling WBC attacks. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments, namely control treatment without B. bassiana, control with B. bassiana grown on PDA media, B. bassiana grown on corn media, and B. bassiana growing on media. grown on rice media, given B. bassiana grown on bran media, given B. bassiana grown on husk ash and repeated 4 times. Observations were made after one application by observing mortality (mortality) every 24 hours for 7 days. The results of the observation that the highest mortality percentage was found in the corn media treatment reaching 47.50%, rice media 40%, bran media 18.75% while the lowest was found in the husk media, namely 15%.
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