ABSTRAKSelama penyimpanan gabah terjadi proses pengusangan yang akan mengubah mutu giling dan warna beras. Penyimpanan gabah pada kadar air dan suhu tinggi dapat mempecepat proses penurunan mutu. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh suhu dan lama penyimpanan terhadap kehilangan berat dan penurunan kadar air gabah, perubahan mutu giling dan warna beras selama penyimpanan gabah kering panen. Suhu penyimpanan yang digunakan adalah suhu ruang, 40 °C, 50 °C, dan 60 °C, sedang lama penyimpanan adalah 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 hari. Suhu dan lama penyimpanan mempengaruhi kehilangan berat dan penurunan kadar air gabah, mutu giling dan warna beras. Semakin tinggi suhu dan semakin lama penyimpanan, kehilangan berat dan penurunan kadar air gabah semakin besar. Penyimpanan gabah pada suhu 40 °C setelah 6 hari menunjukkan kehilangan berat yang relatif besar, meskipun terjadi peningkatan rendemen dan mutu giling. Berdasarkan SNI 6128:2008, kadar air beras giling masuk pada katagori mutu I, persentase beras kepala masuk pada katagori mutu II dan III, sedangkan butir patah dan butir menir masuk pada katagori mutu II, III, dan IV. Warna beras relatif tetap sampai 10 hari penyimpanan pada suhu ruang dan pada 40 °C, sedang pada suhu 50 °C mulai terjadi penguningan setelah penyimpanan 4 hari dan pada suhu 60 °C setelah 2 hari. Suhu dan lama penyimpanan yang direkomendasikan untuk penyimpanan gabah kering panen adalah pada suhu 40 °C selama 6 hari.Kata kunci: Gabah kering panen; beras kepala; mutu giling; warna beras; rendemen beras giling ABSTRACT During the storage of rice occurs aging process that could change milling quality and color of the milled rice. Rough rice storage on high moisture content and temperatures could accelerate aging process. This research studied the effect of temperature and storage time to changes in the milling quality and color of the milled rice. This study used freshly harvested rough rice of IR 64 varieties with a moisture content of 26.73%, storage temperatures consist of room temperature, 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C, and storage time of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days. Observations comprise weight loss and a decrease in grain moisture content, and color quality milled rice. The results showed that the temperature and storage time affects weight loss and decrease moisture content of rough rice, milling quality, and color of the milled rice. The higher temperature and the longer storage, the weight loss and the decreasing moisture content of rough rice increases. Freshly harvested rough rice storage at 40 °C after 6 days showed a relatively large weight loss due to
ABSTRAKKecamatan Daha Selatan kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan Kalimantan Selatan merupakan daerah penghasil labu kuning. Selama ini labu kuning hanya dimanfaatkan untuk campuran sayuran dan kue tradisional, seperti nagasari. Untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dan penganekaragaman pangan lokal berbasis labu kuning dilakukan pelatihan mengenai pengolahan labu kuning. Pengolahan labu kuning dibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu pengolahan labu kuning menjadi tepung dan pengolahan tepung labu kuning menjadi cake, kue kering, dodol dan kerupuk. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberi ketrampilan dan pengetahuan pengolahan labu kuning kepada masyarakat dengan harapan dapat dikembangkan sebagai sumber ekonomi keluarga. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 22 peserta yang mewakili lima desa yang ada di kecamatan Daha Selatan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat sangat antusias untuk mengolah labu kuning menjadi beberapa produk olahan karena selain warna produknya menarik (kuning), rasanya enak dan produk olahan bermacam-macam. Produk olahan labu kuning oleh peserta akan diikutkan dalam pameran pembangunan yang diadakan di tingkat provinsi. Kata Kunci: labu kuning; nilai tambah; pangan lokal; penganekaragaman pangan; produk olahan pangan. ABSTRACTDaha Selatan, Hulu Sungai Selatan District, South Borneo is a sub district which produce pumpkin. Thus far, pumpkin is only used as vegetable mixture and traditional cake, such as Nagasari. The added value and diversification of pumpkin-based products can be increased by training in pumpkin processing. There is two step of pumpkin processing. First step is to processed pumpkin into flour and then the flour could be used to made food products such as, cake, cookies, dodol and crackers. The purpose of this activity is to provide the community with skills and knowledge in processing pumpkin with the expectation it can be developed as a source of family economy. This activity was attended by 22 representatives from five villages in Daha Selatan. The result of this activity show the community processed pumpkin with enthusiasm into various products because it has appealing color (yellow) and tastes good, beside that the products could be has more variance. Pumpkin product processed by participant would be included in development exhibition held at the provincial level. Keywords: pumpkin; added value, local food; food diversification; food products.
This study aims to determine the effect of the type of packaging and storage time on the chemical composition and rice cooking quality by utilizing the respiration generated heat of freshly harvested rice. “Siam Pandak” variety of freshly harvested rice stored in black plastic bag and tarpaulin with storage time of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. The results showed that the accumulation of respiration heat of freshly harvested rice during storage is only capable of raising the temperature in the packaging up to 28 – 31°C, slightly higher than room temperature ranging between 26 – 29°C. Types of packaging and storage time could increase water absorption capacity, protein and fiber contents; and reduce fat and carbohydrate contents. The increase in water absorption capacity was obtained in black plastic bag with storage time of one day, which amounted to 298.27% (an increase of 27.74% compared to control), the highest protein content with storage time of two days with a protein content of 8.56% (an increase of 7.31% compared to control), fiber content in the tarp packaging with storage time of five days, which amounted to 2.40% (an increase of 96.46% compared to control).
Rice is the leading food and a carbohydrate source for most of the world's and Indonesia population, but most rice tends to have a high glycemic index (IG). A product with a low IG is better, not only for people with diabetes but also for healthy people. Resistant starch (RS) functions as a new food ingredient that has a low glycemic index. RS is a part of starch or starch products resistant to digestion when through a gastrointestinal tract. RS has the same physiological effects as dietary fiber, can affect body weight and energy balance, increase lipid excretion to reduce calorie intake and reduce serum lipid levels, zero caloric content so that it can be used as a low-calorie food additive that can control body weight effectively. RS can be made through starch modification by physical treatment (heat treatment), chemical treatment, enzymatic treatment, and a combination of heat and enzymatic. Factors that influence RS's formation include starch properties, starch interactions with other components, processing conditions, heat processes, other treatments, and storage conditions. Therefore, the rice starch modification that contains a lot of RS needs to be known. Rice starch Hydrolysis with the dual enzyme α-amylase and pullulanase (DMT) can increase the highest RS level (51.0%) due to the increased degree of starch crystallinity. High RS results in an increase in gelatinization temperature, ΔH and phase transition temperatures, and a decrease in the speed of starch hydrolysis and weight loss.
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