Salah satu masalah utama dalam penyimpanan beras adalah serangan hama Sitophilus oryzae. Sejauhini upaya pengendalian yang aman bagi manusia dan efektif untuk menghambat reproduksi kutu berasmasih terus diupayakan. Salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan pestisida nabati, oleh karena ituperlu dilakukan pengendalian yang aman bagi manusia salah satunya adalah penggunaan pestisidanabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas serbuk daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum)terhadap mortalitas kutu beras (S. oryzae). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap(RAL) satu faktor 5 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati yaitu mortalitas kutu beras,efikasi serbuk daun sirih merah dan persentase kerusakan beras. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapemberian perlakuan serbuk daun sirih merah dengan berbagai dosis mampu menekan populasi S.oryzae namun serbuk daun sirih merah belum dapat dikatakan efektif, karena berdasarkanperhitunganrumus abbot (1925) rata-rata kematian tertinggi hanya mencapai 47,50%, sedangkankematian kutu beras harus mencapai 70% agar bisa dikatakan efektif. Persentase kerusakan berasterendah terdapat pada perlakuan dengan dosis 2,5 gram yaitu sebesar 0,18%. Beras yang dirusak olehS. oryzae sebagian menjadi bubuk dan ada sebagian yang masih utuh berbentuk beras namun memilikibanyak lubang akibat serangan S. oryzae.
Spodoptera pectinicornis is a biological control agent that has a great potential to control water lettuce weeds. Its existence in nature however is still limited, so a mass propagation is needed by rearing S. pectinicornis imagoes to produce eggs and to hatch them into larvae of 4 days old. The 4-year larvae were then released by putting water lettuces that contained active larvae into the target area. Observation results on the percentage of damage in the watershed location for 5 times of observation consecutively was 25%, 50%, 50%, 75% and 90%. The magnitude of damage showed that S. pectinicornis was able to adapt well, so it could perform eating activities and cause damage to the water lettuces. Meanwhile, at the release site of rice field, the percentage of damage was 0%, 25%, 35%, 25% and 10%. The downward trend in the level of S. pectinicornis attacks was due to its inability to keep pace with the growth and development of water lettuces. High level of rainfall caused the water lettuces to increase its size and the number of its tillers so that they could colonize these waters. The fact that S. pectinicornis still has the ability to destroy the water lettuces gives great hope to the control efforts. However, thorough evaluation and assessment are required on all aspects, such as the biological control agents, weed targets, organisms associated with them, and the state of the environment so as to minimize the possibility of failure in the field.
This study aims to identify and determine the parasitic level of Bactrocera mcgregori parasitoid from melinjo fruit (Gnetum gnemon) from Tanah Laut district and Banjarbaru South Kalimatan. The identification results of the three parasitoids showed the characteristics of the Hymenoptera order, the family Braconidae. The three parasitoids are Psytallia flecheri habitus (Silvestri) parasitoid, Psytallia lounsburyi (Silvestri) and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Cameron).
The dominance of water lettuce as one of the wetland weeds can cause a decrease in biodiversity in an ecosystem. Spodoptera pectinicornis can be a biological control agent for these weeds but requires a mass multiplication stage, so it is necessary to research feedstock in their augmentation. The research aimed to study the preferences and survival abilities of larvae S. pectinicornis to three forms of feed preparation made from water lettuce leaves. The research method had carried out in 2 stages (1) feedstocks form; an extracted water lettuce, mashed and cut into pieces (2) the addition of nutrients and preservatives to feedstocks. Observations had been made on the preferences and ability of the larvae to survive. The results showed that the larvae of S. pectinicornis had a preference and could survive on cut water lettuce feedstock, while in extracted and mashed died. The addition of nutrients and preservatives to the cut-up feed turned out to cause the larvae to stay away from the feed preparation and eventually die. Based on these, larvae S. pectinicornis only prefer to eat the feedstock in cutting form than enrich it with nutrients and preservatives.
<p>Water lettuce (<em>Pistia stratiotes</em>) is one of the important aquatic weeds because it can cause many problems for humans and the environment. In addition, the declining quality and quantity of water is also due to the invasion of water lettuce weeds covering the surface of waters, which can lead to the increasing transpiration and destruction of plankton making the balance of the ecosystem disrupted. This study was conducted in an attempt to control <em>P.</em><em> Stratiotes</em> by utilizing the biological control agent <em>Spodoptera pectinicornis</em> with mass production and its releasing applications in South Kalimantan’s waters. The study was started by taking and collecting <em>S. pectinicornis</em> from several places/fields. The moths were then placed in trays of water and put in a gauze cage of 75 cm x 75 cm x 75 cm in order to keep the air circulation. They were nourished in the laboratory to produce groups of eggs. The groups of eggs were then transferred to rearing ponds. When a fair number of agents were obtained, the treatment of liquid fertilizer AB Mix was carried out. The results showed that the fertilization treatment to water lettuce weeds as the food for the biological control agent <em>S. pectinicornis</em> did not differ from the condition when there was no fertilization treatment either on the feeding ability, weight of larvae and pupae or fitness of imago. However, its destructive ability is high that it has a big potential as a biological control of water lettuce.</p>
The table of life can provide information on birth (natality), death (mortality) and the opportunity to breed, so it can be used as a parameter of the behavior of population development.The purpose of this study was to determine the calculation of life table of S. pectinicornis Hampson as biological control agent of water lettuce (P. stratiotes) weed.The table of life is done by observing survival ability, mortality and fecundity of S. pectinicornis of a cohort of 300 eggs by looking at all the stages from egg, larva, pupa, and imago, and fecundity of female imago per day. The research was conducted in a condition of unlimited food resources and environment free of natural enemies. Parameters observed were gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (Ro), average of generation time (T), intrinsic rate of growth (r), and limited rate of growth (λ). The research result of the life table calculation showed that GRR value was 350.29, the value of net reproductive rate (Ro) was 19.59 descendants, the average of generation time (T) was 29.47 days, the value of intrinsic rate of accretion (r) was 0.10 and the value of limited rate of accretion (λ) was 1.11.
Among other provinces in Indonesia, South Kalimantan used to be known as one of the most famous local suppliers of bananas, especially for Java and Bali. However, since 2006 the productivity has declined dramatically due to the disruption of plant diseases. The early, fast, accurate and precise detection of the disease is needed in order to control the disease appropriately. One of the most useful, fast and accurate diagnostics that was carried out in this research was Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This molecular technique has never been carried out before to detect banana diseases in South Kalimantan. This research aimed to identify the sick banana plants taken from 13 locations in 6 (six) regencies in South Kalimantan Indonesia, representing banana planting areas: Banjarbaru City, Batola, Tanah Laut, Tapin, Hulu Sungai Selatan and Hulu Sungai Tengah regencies. The results showed that the disease of all banana plant samples was positively identified as Blood Diseased Bacteria (BDB). It was established by the electroforesis result after being viewed under UV illumination that the band was at the same position as the positive control (BDB), 317 bp.7 bp.
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