Chitosan is a modified carbohydrate polymer obtained from the deacetylation of chitin and has good and unique characteristics, including its ability to be biodegradable, biocompatible, and nontoxic. The purpose of this study was to manufacture chitosan from freshwater lobster shells formulated in the form of a hand sanitizer gel that is stable and determine its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The chitosan obtained was then made into hand sanitizer gel preparations with concentrations of 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%, and then an evaluation test was carried out on the hand sanitizer gel preparation, as well as antibacterial testing against E. coli and S. aureus. The results showed that the hand sanitizer preparation in the organoleptic test did not show any change in odor, shape, and color. The homogeneity test showed the absence of coarse granules. The results of the pH testing confirmed that the pH of the preparation was still within the permitted criteria limits. The dispersion test also showed the average is in the range of 5-7 cm so that the formula meets the requirements. The results of the antibacterial activity test of the chitosan hand sanitizer gel showed that it can inhibit E. coli bacteria with the best inhibition zone obtained at a concentration of 4.5% at 8.8 mm and S. aureus with the best inhibition zone at 10 mm.

The effect of particle size of fresh turmeric and simplicia toward content of curcumin compounds has been carried out. The purpose of this research is to analyze the content of curcumin compounds based on the particle size of the fresh turmeric and simplicia using ethanol and water solvents. Extraction of curcumin in fresh turmeric and simplicia yield was carried out by maceration method of electrosynthetic coupling in etanol and water solvent using the infundation method, at particle sizes of 20, 80 and 140 mesh. The content of curcumin compound was analyzed as quantitatively using spectrophotometry visible at 475 nm, the linier regression is Y = 6.428x-4.424 and R2 = 0.7594. The highest content of curcumin compound was found in the fresh turmeric and simplicia using ethanol solvent at 140 mesh particle size respectively, are 5.6 and 4.2 ppm. In water solvents, the concentration of curcumin from fresh turmeric and simplicia were 1.3 and 0.6 ppm, respectively.

Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.) is one of the natural ingredients that can be used as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit free radical reactions in the body. Free radicals have an impact on the pathogenesis of several diseases in humans due to oxidative stress in cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the class of secondary metabolites of agarwood bark and antioxidant activity and to compare the value of IC50 (Inhibitory concentrations) of the methanol extract of agarwood bark with the IC50 of vitamin C in the DPPH method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The methanol extract of agarwood bark was macerated using methanol, then determined the content of secondary metabolites of Simplicia. The determination of antioxidant activity was carried out on the methanol extract of agarwood bark with the addition of DPPH at various concentrations. The sample concentrations were 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µg/mL.. As a comparison, vitamin C was used with concentrations of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 µg/mL.. Then they calculated percent attenuation (% inhibition) and the value of IC50. The results of the screening on the methanol extract of agarwood bark contained chemical compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The determination of antioxidant activity was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the DDPH method. The results were obtained from the methanol extract of the bark of agarwood, which has antioxidant activity in the strong category with an IC50 value of 94.59 µg/mL.and vitamin C in the very strong category with an IC50 value of 22,11 µg/mL.

Shellfish is one of Indonesia's fishery commodities which is increasing every year, one of which is blood clams and feather shells, which are easily found in Southeast Asia and East Asia. Shellfish also have great potential so that it has an impact on the increasing waste that is allowed to accumulate without any handling of the pollution that exists in the environment and society. One alternative to the use of waste from feather shells to have a high use value is to isolate it into chitosan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utilization of shellfish waste into chitosan and to determine the LC50 value of the chitosan produced. The analysis carried out was the toxicity test of chitosan from shellfish shell waste on Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae using the Brine Shrimp Lethalitiy Test (BSLT) method with various concentrations of 100; 250; 500; 750; and 1000 µg/mL, and determining the value of LC50 by probit analysis. Based on the results of the toxicity test of chitosan from shellfish waste, the LC50 value was µg/mL. These results indicate that chitosan from shellfish waste has no toxic effect on Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae.

Porang (Amorphallus muelleri Blume) is one type of tuber plant that has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Porang plants have been reported to contain chemical compounds that have antioxidant activity. This research was conducted on the leaves of the porang plant with the aim of knowing the antioxidant activity, characterization, and phytochemical profile of the compounds contained therein. Compound identification and characterization were performed using standard methods, and antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH (1,1- Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl ) method. The results of the identification of chemical compounds showed that the ethanol extract of porang leaves contained chemical compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The results of the examination of the simplicia characterization of porang leaves included the soluble ethanol content of 33.93%, the water soluble extract content of 17.3%, the ash content of 5.58%, the acid insoluble ash content of 0.235% and the water content of 8%. From the results of the simplicia characterization, it shows that the results meet the specified requirements. The results showed that the ethanol extract of porang leaves had antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 93.04 µg/mL, which in this case is included in the category of strong antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, as a comparison, Vitamin C was used, which has an IC50 value of µg/mL, which is included in the category of very strong antioxidant activity.

Buni fruit (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng) is a plant that contains anthocyanin pigments that can give a red color. The purpose of this study was to make cheek dye preparations in solid form using buni fruit extract (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng) as a dye. The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol containing 2% citric acid. The cheek coloring formula that was made was using buni fruit dye with a concentration of 10; 12.5; 15 and 17.5%. The tests carried out include: physical quality inspection (homogeneity, polish test, crack test), irritation test, and stability test. Formula with a concentration of 10% produces a pale cream color; preparation with a concentration of 12.5% ​​produces a cream color, a concentration of 15% produces a weak pink color and a concentration of 17.5% produces a dark pink color. The results of the physical quality examination of the preparation showed that the preparation had a homogeneous color, good polish at a concentration of 17.5% because it produced a clear pink color during polishing and did not crack when dropped from a height of 25 cm. Preparations are not irritating. From the observation of the shape, it was found that all the cheek coloring preparations made did not change shape from the initial form of printing for 90 days at room temperature storage. From the results of color observations, all preparations made remained stable during storage at room temperature for 50 days, on day 55 the color of the preparation began to fade, this was due to unstable anthocyanins. The odor of the preparation remained stable in storage for 90 days of observation at room temperature. These results indicate that buni fruit extract can be used as a colorant in cheek coloring preparations.

Utilisation of biopolymers combination as a material for making gel peel off masks has been carried out. The purpose of this research to determine the combination of biopolymers. It can be formulated in dosage form Gel peel off mask and find out that single and combination biopolymers have different viscosity effects in the preparation of gel peel off masks. Tests on the preparation of peel off gel masks include homogeneity test, organoleptic observation, pH measurement, determination of viscosity, time testing of the preparation dried up, stability observation and statistical analysis test with SPSS 16.0 software which includes viscosity stability test using ANOVA parametric analysis method (Analysis of Variance) and continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that each formula of peel off gel mask combined with a single biopolymer and a combination of biopolymers had a pH of 5.4-5.8, viscosity 31790 cp-38240 cp, and the time needed to dry up 21-27 minutes in storage for 12 weeks. The results of the statistical analysis of the viscosity stability test of the six formulas of peel off gel mask using ANOVA method showed a significant difference between each formula (P value <0.05). The combination of biopolymer in formula 5 (Chitosan 0.0625% + Xanthan gum 0.0625%) in the preparation of peel-off gel mask gave a higher viscosity effect compared to other formulas

Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division and the ability of these cells to invade other biological tissues, either by direct growth in adjacent tissues or by migration of cells to distant sites. The purpose of this study was to determine the class of secondary metabolites contained in the ethanol extract of cocoa leaves and their cytotoxicity by looking at the LC50 value using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. This research includes phytochemical screening of ethanol extract and the BSLT method by looking at the number of deaths of Artemia salina leach larvae (LC50). The results of phytochemical screening tests showed that the cocoa leaves contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and glycosides. The cytotoxicity test with probit analysis showed an LC50 value of 269,15 µg/mL, so it was concluded that the ethanol extract of cocoa leaves was toxic and had potential as an anticancer.