Antibacterial activity of freshwater lobster (Cherax quadricarinatus) shell chitosan gel preparation against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Chitosan is a modified carbohydrate polymer obtained from the deacetylation of chitin and has good and unique characteristics, including its ability to be biodegradable, biocompatible, and nontoxic. The purpose of this study was to manufacture chitosan from freshwater lobster shells formulated in the form of a hand sanitizer gel that is stable and determine its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The chitosan obtained was then made into hand sanitizer gel preparations with concentrations of 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%, and then an evaluation test was carried out on the hand sanitizer gel preparation, as well as antibacterial testing against E. coli and S. aureus. The results showed that the hand sanitizer preparation in the organoleptic test did not show any change in odor, shape, and color. The homogeneity test showed the absence of coarse granules. The results of the pH testing confirmed that the pH of the preparation was still within the permitted criteria limits. The dispersion test also showed the average is in the range of 5-7 cm so that the formula meets the requirements. The results of the antibacterial activity test of the chitosan hand sanitizer gel showed that it can inhibit E. coli bacteria with the best inhibition zone obtained at a concentration of 4.5% at 8.8 mm and S. aureus with the best inhibition zone at 10 mm.

Antibacterial Activity Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum basilicum L. Leaves in Inhibiting the Growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…The formation of this inhibition zone is due to the diffusion power from high concentrations to lower concentrations 19 . In this case, the movement of the active substance or secondary metabolite compounds from the disc paper moves and diffuses into the medium so as to provide a zone of inhibition around the disc paper 20,21 .…”

Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Vernonia amygdalina Delile Leaves with Tetracycline against Clinical Isolate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…The bacterium suspension was prepared and adjusted to 0.5 Mc. Farland was equivalent to turbidity 1 × 10 8 CFU/mL and then diluted using saline solution to generate 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL [ 20 ]. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAFVA) was added to the leaves and cultured for 24 hours at 37°C [ 21 ].…”

FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG ASAM KANDIS (Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. ex. Anderson) DAN UJI ANTIINFLAMASI TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN

“…Kemudian spindel diturunkan ke dalam sediaan hingga batas yang ditentukan.Pengukuran dilakukan dengan kecepatan tertentu. Pengukuran dengan perbedaan rpm dibaca skalanya ketika jarum penunjuk skala telah stabil (Rani et al, 2023).…”