Daun sukun (Artocarpus altilis) merupakan herbal yang banyak dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan. Kultur jaringan menjadi alternatif dalam meningkatkan produktivitas daun sukun dan metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkannya. Tahap pertama yang menentukan keberhasilan perbanyakan tanaman melalui kultur jaringan adalah teknik sterilisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan metode sterilisasi terbaik dengan melihat pengaruh penggunaan natrium hipoklorit 5,25% dan alkohol 70% serta waktu perendaman terhadap penurunan kontaminasi. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 10 kelompok yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, perendaman dengan alkohol 70% selama 5 menit dan 10 menit, perendaman dengan natrium hipoklorit 5,25% selama 5 menit dan 10 menit, serta kombinasi natrium hipoklorit 5,25% dan alkohol 70% selama 5 menit dan 10 menit. Parameter pengamatan meliputi waktu pertama kontaminasi, persentase kontaminasi jamur dan bakteri, dan penampilan eksplan yang diamati selama 40 hari. Hasil penelitian pada penggunaan masing-masing desinfektan, baik alkohol 70% maupun natrium hipoklorit 5,25% dengan waktu perendaman 10 menit menunjukkan tidak adanya kontaminasi jamur dan bakteri, tetapi pada perlakuan natrium hipoklorit 5,25% terjadi perubahan warna eksplan menjadi kecoklatan. Kombinasi dari kedua desinfektan menunjukkan adanya kontaminasi jamur dan bakteri serta adanya perubahan warna eksplan. Sterilisasi eksplan daun sukun yang terbaik dapat dilakukan dengan cara perendaman menggunakan alkohol 70% selama 10 menit.
Kefir is a fermented beverage that has probiotic properties and often used as a cosmetic or ointment raw material. Its lactic acid content is classified as AHA (alpha hydroxy acid) which is known good for skin health. The objectives were to study the influence of temperature, fermentation and storage time on the amount of lactic acid, pH and viscosity of kefir. Fermentation of kefir was performed at two different temperatures (room temperature and 37 o C) for 24 and 48 h. Storage condition of kefir products was performed at cold and room temperature for 4 to 28 d. The content of lactic acid was based on the total organic acid determined using acid-base titration. The results showed that the average content of lactic acid in 48 h-fermented kefir at room temperature and 37 o C were 0.9 to 2.2% with pH and viscosity characteristics were 4.1 to 4.3 and 1400 to1600 cPs, respectively. Meanwhile, during 24 d of storage, the average content of lactic acid was 1.97 to 3.54%, where pH and viscosity characteristics were 3.5 to 4.5 and 3400 to 6400 cPs, respectively. The optimum storage time of goat milk kefir is obtained on days 4 to 12 and they can be stored for up to 24 days without deterioration of kefir products.
Biosurfaktan dari mikroorganisme mempunyai sifat fisika kimia yang stabil, tidak mencemari lingkungan, mudah terurai, dapat diperbaharui, lebih murah dan memiliki toksisitas rendah sehingga dapat digunakan dalam industri farmasi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas emulsifikasi dan karakterisasi biosurfaktan dari Bacillus cereus. Uji hemolisis dan oli spreading dilakukan sebagai penapisan awal. Produksi biosurfaktan menggunakan sistem bacth yang dishaker selama 7 hari. Supernatan diuji aktivitas biosurfaktan melalui indeks emulsifikasi dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis serta pengujian kualitatif antibakteri. Bacillus cereus dapat menghidrolisis darah dan menyebarkan lapisan minyak Hasil indeks emulsifikasi pada hari ke 0, 1, 3, 5, dan 7 secara berurutan 44,83%, 48,28%, 51,72%, 46,43%, dan 51,50%. Hasil KLT yang ditandai noda merah dengan penampak ninhidrin menunjukkan golongan lipopeptida. Pengujian antibakteri menggunakan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan terbentuknya zona bening di sekitar kertas cakram. Bacillus cereus dapat menghasilkan biosurfaktan golongan lipopeptida dengan indeks emulsifikasi terbesar 51.72% pada hari ketiga dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap gram positif maupun gram negatif.
<p>Umbi bawang dayak (<em>Eleutherine palmifolia (L.)</em> Merr.) memiliki kandungan fenol dan flavonoid yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan. Kandungan kimia dalam suatu tumbuhan dapat dipengaruhi dengan adanya proses pengolahan bahan baku. Salahsatu proses pengolahan baku tumbuhan yaitu dengan adanya fermentasi menggunakan pemanasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh fermentasi pada kandungan kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak umbi bawang dayak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan fermentasi umbi bawang dayak dengan pemanasan selama 10, 20 dan 30 hari. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Penetapan kadar fenol total, flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, ekstrak umbi bawang dayak hasil fermentasi selama 30 hari memiliki kadar fenol total, kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi, ditunjukkan secara berurutan (3,721 g GAE/100 g ekstrak ± 0,210; 0,378 g QE/100 g ekstrak ± 0,189, IC<sub>50</sub> peredaman DPPH 28,689 µg/mL± 0,144). Adanya proses fermentasi dan lama proses fermentasi dapat mempengaruhi kandungan kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak umbi bawang dayak.</p>
Biosurfactants are surface tension lowering agents produced by microorganisms which have advantages in many respects over synthetic surfactants. Biosurfactants are more environmentally friendly and can be used widely in pharmaceutical field. One of the bacteria that has not been widely explored as biosurfactants producer is Brevudimonas terrae. The production of biosurfactants in these bacteria also needs to be optimized, including by using waste frying oil as a carbon source. The purpose of this study was to obtain optimum conditions in the production of bio-surfactants by utilizing waste frying oil as a carbon source from this bacteria. In this study, variations in the optimized production conditions included the concentration of waste frying oil, labelled 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% and the medium pH at 6, 7, and 8. The study was using Mineral Salt Medium as production medium, the amount of inoculum concentration was 10% v/v, agitation speed 160 rpm and incubation at room temperature. The optimum conditions for biosurfactant production were determined based on the best emulsification index. The biosurfactant extraction was carried out using a combination of chloroform and methanol (2:1) solvents. The best concentrations of waste frying oil for Brevundimonas terrae was 3%, and the best medium pH was 7. Biosurfactants produced from this bacteria amounted to 9,63 g/L with an emulsification index 61,25%.
Background: The manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations generally adds surfactants. Microbial biosurfactants can be an alternative because biodegradable and have antibacterial properties. Objective: This study aimed to examine the biosurfactant activity of Exiguobacterium profundum.Methods: Hemolysis and spreading oil tests were performed as an initial screening. Biosurfactant production was carried out by growing bacteria on oil-enriched media with shaker system for 7 days. Biosurfactant activity can be seen from the emulsification index, while the characterization of biosurfactant were used thin layer chromatography and antibacterial qualitative testing.Results: Exiguobacterium profundum could spread the oil layer and form micelles. The emulsification index on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 showed percentage in sequence 44.83%, 48.28%, 48.28%, 40%, and 43.75%. The result of TLC showed lipopeptide group which is marked with red stain with ninhydrin appearance. Antibacterial testing using Escherichia coli showed the formation of clear zones around the disk paper.Conclusion: The biosurfactant produced by Exigoubacterium profundum can be classified into lipopeptide group which has antibacterial activity against gram-negative.
Biosurfactant is a secondary metabolite produced by microorganisms that can be used as an alternative to environmentally friendly surfactants. Exiguobacterium profundum is one of the biosurfactants producers that potentially to be used in the pharmaceutical field. The use of waste frying oil as a carbon source can be used as a solution in overcoming the high cost of producing biosurfactants. The purpose of this study was to obtain optimum conditions in the production of biosurfactants by utilizing waste frying oil as a carbon source. In this study, variations in the optimized production conditions included the concentration of waste frying oil, labeled 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, and the medium pH at 6, 7, and 8. The study was using Mineral Salt Medium as production medium, the amount of inoculum concentration was 10% v/v, agitation speed 160 rpm, and incubation at room temperature. The optimum conditions for biosurfactant production were determined based on the best emulsification index. The biosurfactant extraction was carried out using a combination of chloroform and methanol (2:1) solvents. The best concentrations of waste frying oil for Exiguobacterium profundum was 5%, and the best medium pH was 7. Biosurfactants produced from Exiguobacterium profundum amounted to 8,2 g/L with an emulsification index 63,2%.
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